社会化服务对农户农药减量行为的影响——基于服务专业化维度的考察

INFLUENCE OF SOCIALIZED SERVICE ON FARMERS PESTICIDE REDUCTION BEHAVIOR——INVESTIGATION BASED ON THE DIMENSION OF SERVICE SPECIALIZATION

关键词:  社会化服务  农户行为  农药减量  服务专业化  分位数回归

Key words:  socialized service  farmer behavior  pesticide reduction  service specialization  quantile regression

摘要:

目的 在社会化服务体系建设不断推进的背景下，农户并非是可自我执行农药减量化的行为主体。分析社会化服务对农户采纳农药减量行为的影响，旨在发掘出以服务规模经营方式促进农户采纳农药减量行为的可行性策略。方法 文章基于甘肃省802户农户调研数据，利用倾向得分匹配法构建反事实框架，剖析不同专业化服务对农户农药减量行为的影响，最后运用分位数回归模型分析农户农药减量不同行为水平下社会化服务影响效应的动态变化。结果 （1）农业社会化服务能够显著促进农户采纳农药减量行为。（2）讨论内生性后，社会化服务领域下更细化的专业化服务如技术培训、施药外包、农产品销售、产品质量认证等服务对农户农药减量行为具有显著正向影响，而农资供应服务的影响不显著。（3）技术培训、施药外包、产品质量认证等服务对农户农药减量行为高水平组的促进效果最强，对中等水平组的促进效果次之，对低水平组的促进效果最弱，而农产品销售服务的促进作用从中等水平组到高水平组呈现减弱趋势。（4）党员身份、信息来源对农户农药减量行为具有显著正向影响，种粮目的、风险感知对农户农药减量行为具有显著负向影响。结论 政府对不同类型社会化服务的政策支持应有所差异，并将扶持重心倾斜于施药外包服务；应着重提升农资供应服务的供给质量，防止出现绿色农资“倒买倒卖”现象；应打造覆盖全程、综合配套的社会化服务体系，满足农户多样化服务需求，从而促进农户采纳农药减量行为。

Abstract:

Under the background of the continuous promotion of the construction of socialized service system, farmers are not the main body of pesticide reduction. This paper analyzed the impact of socialized services on farmers' adoption of pesticide reduction behavior, in order to explore the feasible strategy of promoting farmers' adoption of pesticide reduction behavior by service scale operation. Based on the survey data of 802 farmers in Gansu province, this paper constructed a counterfactual framework by using the propensity score matching method, analyzed the impact of different professional services on farmers' pesticide reduction behavior, and finally used the quantile regression model to analyze the dynamic changes of the impact effect of socialized services under different behavior levels of farmers' pesticide reduction. The results were showed as follows. (1) Agricultural socialized service significantly promoted farmers' adoption of pesticide reduction behavior. (2) After discussing the endogeneity, more detailed professional services in the field of socialized services, such as technical training, pesticide outsourcing, sales of agricultural products, product quality certification, had a significant positive impact on farmers' pesticide reduction behavior, while the impact of agricultural material supply services was not significant. (3) Technical training, pesticide outsourcing, product quality certification had the strongest promotion effect on the high-level group of farmers' pesticide reduction behavior, the second on the medium-level group, and the weakest on the low-level group, while the promotion effect of agricultural product sales services showed a weakening trend from the medium-level group to the high-level group. (4) The identity of party membership and information sources had a significant positive impact on farmers' pesticide reduction behavior, the purpose of grain planting and risk perception had a significant negative impact on farmers' pesticide reduction behavior. Therefore, the government's policy support for different types of socialized services should be different, and the focus of policy support should be inclined to pesticide outsourcing services. We should focus on improving the supply quality of agricultural materials supply services to prevent the phenomenon of "buying and selling" of green agricultural materials. Meanwhile we should build a socialized service system covering the whole process and comprehensive supporting facilities to meet the diversified service needs of farmers, so as to promote farmers to adopt pesticide reduction behavior.