海域养殖空间使用权的历史演变、现状问题及对策研究

关键词:  海域养殖空间  使用权  历史演变  现状问题  对策建议

Key words:  marine aquaculture space  right to use  historical evolution  current problem  countermeasures and suggestions

摘要:

目的 文章通过深入分析海域养殖空间管理存在的问题及原因，从空间优化及制度完善方面提出规划策略，以期解决权益纠纷，促进科学高效用海。方法 制度分析与实证分析相结合。结果 （1）随着海域养殖空间蕴含的价值不断显现和增强，海域养殖空间划分不科学，缺乏划分依据及公平分配机制；（2）高效养殖用海激励机制缺失，普遍存在低效用海情况，对海洋资源造成巨大浪费；（3）养殖证管理制度不健全，存在大量办证未养殖及养殖未办证的情况，缺乏有效制约手段等问题逐渐显现。结论 全面优化海域养殖空间布局及完善制度建设，可从三方面进行推进：（1）科学合理地确定各级各类海域养殖空间，分级分类统筹管控海域养殖空间，以减少由于海域空间资源划分引发的争议；（2）构建养殖用海效益评价体系，建立高效养殖用海激励机制，促进海域养殖空间效益提升；（3）健全养殖证管理制度，提高渔业主管部门执法力度，完善养殖空间权属的管理。

Abstract:

This study proposes planning strategies in terms of spatial optimization and institutional improvement through an in-depth analysis of the problems and causes in the management of marine mariculture space, with the aim of resolving disputes over rights and interests and promoting scientific and efficient use of the ocean. This paper combined institutional analysis with empirical analysis to analyze the research questions. As the value of mariculture space continued to develop and increase, problems were gradually emerging. The results were listed as follows.(1) The division of maritime aquaculture space was not scientific, lacking a division basis and a fair allocation mechanism. (2) Incentive mechanism for efficient aquaculture use of the ocean was missing; there was a general situation of poor use of the ocean, resulting in a massive waste of marine resources. (3) The aquaculture certificate management system was not convincing; there were a large number of permits not farming, farming without permits, and a lack of effective implications of restraint to manage the situation. Therefore, comprehensively optimizing the layout of maritime aquaculture space and enhancing the system construction can be promoted from three perspectives: firstly, the various types of maritime aquaculture space at all levels should be determined scientifically and reasonably, and it should be classified hierarchically and integrated control, in order to reduce disputes arising from the division of maritime spatial resources. Secondly, an aquaculture evaluation system should be constructed and an incentive scheme for marine aquaculture performance should be constructed to increase the spatial efficiency. Thirdly, the system of managing aquaculture certifications should be improved and the enforcement of fisheries authorities should be enhanced, so as to improve the management of aquaculture space ownership.