生态种养模式采纳对农户农业劳动力质量的影响研究——以稻虾共作模式为例

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ADOPTING ECOLOGICAL PLANTING AND REARING PATTERN ON FARMERS’ AGRICULTURAL LABOR QUALITY*——TAKING RICE AND CRAYFISH CO-CULTURE PATTERN AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  生态种养模式  农业劳动力质量  内生转换模型  稻虾共作模式  农户

Key words:  ecological planting and rearing pattern  quality of agricultural labor force  endogenous transformation regression model (ESR)  rice-shrimp co-culture pattern  farmer

摘要:

目的 基于江汉平原地区1 023份农户微观调查数据，探讨生态种养模式采纳者是否能拥有更高的农业劳动力质量，以期为如何缓解我国农业劳动力质量约束提供可参考的建议。方法 文章采用内生转换模型，在“反事实”分析框架下分析农户生态种养模式采纳决策对农业劳动力质量的影响。进一步运用工具变量法探究农户生态种养模式采纳强度对农业劳动力质量的影响。结果 （1）采纳生态种养模式需要更高的家庭农业劳动力质量水平，具体表现为在“反事实”假设下，采纳生态种养模式的农户比其未采纳时农业劳动力质量高23.65%。（2）从采纳强度上看，采纳生态种养模式强度越高的农户拥有的农业劳动力质量越高。结论 政府应针对不同地区的自然资源禀赋，因地制宜地加大生态种养模式研发与推广的力度，引导农户适度采纳生态种养模式，吸引高质量劳动力回流，助力农业高质量发展。

Abstract:

Based on 1 023 household micro-survey data in Jianghan Plain, this paper explored whether adopters of ecological planting and rearing pattern can have higher quality of agricultural labor force, in order to provide reference suggestions on how to alleviate the constraints on the quality of agricultural labor force in China. The endogenous transformation model was used to analyze the impact of farmers' adoption of ecological planting and rearing pattern on agricultural labor quality under the framework of "counterfactual" analysis. Further, the instrumental variable method was used to explore the impact of farmers' adoption intensity of ecological planting and rearing pattern on agricultural labor quality. The results were indicated as follows. (1) Adopting the ecological planting and rearing pattern required a higher quality of family agricultural labor force, which was manifested in the "counterfactual" hypothesis that the quality of agricultural labor force of the farmers adopting the ecological planting and rearing pattern was 23.65% higher than that of the farmers not adopting the ecological planting and rearing mode. (2) From the perspective of adoption intensity, the higher the adoption intensity of ecological planting and rearing pattern, the higher the quality of agricultural labor force owned by farmers. So, according to the natural resource endowment of different regions, the government should strengthen the research and development and promotion of ecological planting and rearing pattern in accordance with local conditions, appropriately guide farmers to adopt ecological planting and rearing pattern, attract high-quality labor force to return, and help the high-quality development of agriculture.