技术环境对菜农有机肥技术采纳行为的影响——以河南省设施菜农为例

EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ADOPTION BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY FOR VEGETABLE FARMERS——A CASE STUDY OF THE FACILITY VEGETABLE FARMERS IN HENAN PROVINCE ZHANG

关键词:  技术环境  设施蔬菜  有机肥技术  采纳程度  Heckman两阶段模型

Key words:  technology environment  facility vegetable  organic fertilizer technology  adoption degree  Heckman two-stage model

摘要:

目的 现阶段，我国化肥低效、过量施用的现象较为普遍，不仅增加农作物种植成本，还会对农业生态环境造成严重负面影响。因此，优化施肥结构，推广有机肥替代化肥对于加快实现农业绿色高质量发展具有重要意义。文章以设施蔬菜为例，从技术环境视角出发，以技术创新扩散理论为基础，分析了菜农有机肥技术采纳行为的影响因素。方法 基于河南省440份设施菜农的调研数据，利用Heckman两阶段模型分析了技术环境对菜农是否采纳有机肥技术和采纳程度的影响，并运用Logit模型和断尾回归模型进行稳健性检验。结果 研究结果表明，大多数设施菜农都采纳了有机肥技术，但采纳程度较低。有机肥使用成本、家庭务农数量、农产品畅销度、农产品价值认可度、参加技术培训和有机肥补贴政策对菜农是否采纳有机肥技术具有显著影响，而有机肥购买成本、有机肥使用成本、家庭务农数量、蔬菜种植规模、农产品价值认可度和有机肥补贴政策对菜农有机肥技术采纳程度具有显著影响。结论 政府部门可以采用多元化培训、跟踪式咨询服务、社群型学习小组等方式创新菜农有机肥技术培训模式，同时，通过加大有机肥补贴范围和力度、加快有机肥施用机械设备研发等措施降低菜农有机肥替代成本，从而提高菜农有机肥技术采纳行为。

Abstract:

Nowadays, the phenomenon of low efficiency and excessive application of chemical fertilizer is quite common in China, which not only increases the planting cost of crops, but also causes serious negative impact on agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to optimize the fertilization structure and promote the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer to accelerate the realization of green and high-quality development of agriculture. From the perspective of technological environment, this paper took facility vegetables as an example, and analyzed the influencing factors of vegetable farmers’ adoption behavior of organic fertilizer technology based on technology innovation diffusion theory. Based on the survey data of 440 facility vegetable farmers in Henan province, this study employed Heckman two-stage model to analyze the influence of technical environment on whether vegetable farmers adopted organic fertilizer technology and the degree of adoption, and further used Logit model and tail-breaking regression model to test the robustness of results. The results showed that most facility vegetable farmers chose to adopt organic fertilizer technology, but the adoption degree was pretty low. The use cost of organic fertilizer, the number of household labor, the popularity of agricultural products, the value recognition of agricultural products, technical training and organic fertilizer subsidy policies had significant influence on whether vegetable farmers adopt organic fertilizer technology. The purchase cost of organic fertilizer, the use cost of organic fertilizer, the number of household labor, the planting scale of vegetables, the value recognition of agricultural products and the organic fertilizer subsidy policy exerted significant influence on the adoption degree of organic fertilizer technology. Therefore, government departments can innovate the technical training mode of organic fertilizer technology for vegetable farmers by the means of diversified training, tracking consulting services and community-based learning groups. At the same time, they can reduce the replacement cost of organic fertilizer by increasing the scope and intensity of organic fertilizer subsidies and accelerating the development of mechanical equipment for organic fertilizer application, to improve the adoption behavior of organic fertilizer technology for vegetable farmers.