西安市农业多功能评价及功能分区研究

STUDY ON MULTI-FUNCTION EVALUATION AND FUNCTION DIVISION OF AGRICHULTURE IN XI’AN

关键词:  农业  多功能评价  空间分布  功能分区  西安市

Key words:  agriculture  multi-function evaluation  spatial distribution  functional division  Xi'an city

摘要:

目的 构建西安市现代农业多功能评价指标体系，对农业多功能进行量化分析，并从功能层面对西安市农业空间分布进行探讨和分区，对于实现农业整体效益最大化和促进农业现代化转型升级具有重要的指导意义。方法 基于农业的多维功能构建评价体系，文章选择熵值法分别从经济、社会、生态和休闲4个维度量化评估。结果 （1）2011—2020年西安市农业经济、社会、休闲功能基本表现为上升趋势，生态功能呈现先降低，后增加的趋势。（2）2016年具有明显的拐点意义，变化原因主要源于农业生产效率的提高，农民增收、农村居民恩格尔系数降低以及农田生态系统多样性指数的减少和农药施用负荷增加等原因。（3）2020年西安市农业的经济功能的优势区域主要集中于高陵区及其周围的阎良区、临潼区和灞桥区；农业社会功能方面表现为明显的边缘向城市中心区逐渐减弱的趋势，优势区主要集中在阎良区和临潼区以及远郊的周至县；农业生态功能整体表现为由边缘区域向中心城区逐渐减弱的趋势，蓝田县的农业生态功能最高；农业休闲功能方面表现为沿中心城向外援区域逐渐减弱的趋势。结论 西安市农业主导功能分区共分为7个二级功能区，包括高陵“西安菜园子”粮菜主产区、阎良临潼农业就业生活保障区、蓝田秦岭北麓生态涵养区、周至秦岭北麓和渭河农业涵养区以及灞桥白鹿原农业文化休闲旅游区、鄠邑区沿渭河农业生态观光区、长安山地农业产业休闲旅游区。

Abstract:

By constructing a multi-function evaluation index system of modern agriculture in Xi'an, this paper quantitatively analyzes the multi-function of agriculture, and further discusses and divides the spatial distribution of agricultural multi-function in Xi'an from the perspective of agricultural function. The evaluation system was constructed based on the multi-dimensional functions of agriculture, and the entropy method was selected to quantitatively evaluate from four dimensions of economy, society, ecology and leisure. From 2011 to 2020, the agricultural economic, social and leisure functions of Xi'an basically showed an upward trend, and the ecological functions showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Among them, 2016 had obvious inflection point significance. The main reasons for the change were the improvement of agricultural production efficiency, the increase of farmers' income, the decrease of the Engel coefficient of rural residents, the decrease of the diversity index of farmland ecosystems and the increase of pesticide application load. In 2020, the advantageous areas of Xi'an's agricultural economic function were mainly concentrated in Gaoling district and its surrounding Yanliang district, Lintong district and Baqiao district; the agricultural social function showed an obvious trend of gradually weakening from the edge to the city center. The advantageous districts were mainly concentrated in Yanliang district, Lintong district and Zhouzhi county in the outer suburbs; the overall performance of agro-ecological functions was a gradual weakening trend from the edge area to the central urban area. The agricultural ecological function of Lantian county was the highest, followed by Lantian county, and agricultural leisure functions showed a weakening trend of foreign aid areas along the central city. In summary, Xi'an's agricultural leading functional area is divided into 7 secondary functional areas, including Gaoling "Xi'an Caiyuanzi" grain and vegetable main production area, Yanliang Lintong agricultural employment and living security area, Lantian Qinling northern foot ecological conservation area, Zhouzhi Qinling northern foot and Weihe Agricultural Conservation Area, Baqiao Bailuyuan Agricultural Cultural Leisure Tourism Area, Huyi District Agricultural Ecological Sightseeing Area along the Weihe River and Chang'an Mountain Agricultural Industry Leisure Tourism Area.