中国肉牛养殖效率差异及提升途径研究

RESEARCH ON THE DIFFERENCES AND WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF BEEF CATTLE BREEDING IN CHINA

关键词:  环境条件  肉牛养殖效率  三阶段DEA模型  投入要素冗余  区域差异

Key words:  environmental conditions  beef cattle breeding efficiency  three-stage DEA model  input factor redundancy  regional differences

摘要:

目的 环境条件差异是我国农牧业发展的客观存在，也是导致农牧业投入产出效率千差万别的重要原因，不考虑环境条件影响的效率分析容易模糊农户的投入产出效率，进而可能掩盖效率差异的原因。通过分析发现全国各地区肉牛养殖存在着客观差异，利用模型处理将各地区环境影响处理到最小，从而得到更为准确的肉牛养殖技术效率值。方法 文章利用国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系肉牛养殖投入产出监测数据，采用三阶段DEA模型方法，研究农户肉牛养殖投入产出效率差异及其改善途径。结果 （1）肉牛养殖投入产出效率与环境条件有密切的关系；（2）剔除环境条件差异影响后，87.11%样本的肉牛养殖投入产出效率发生显著变化，其中47.42%效率下降，39.69%效率提升；（3）投入要素冗余问题是肉牛养殖效率差异的本质，投入要素的冗余在剔环境条件影响后也发生了显著变化，进一步的分析发现我国肉牛养殖劳动力冗余问题在西南产区与东北产区较严重，而饲料投入冗余则呈现牧区、农区、农牧交错带地区逐渐增加的状态。结论 提升我国肉牛投入产出效率要注重改善饲料投入冗余问题，西南和东北产区还要注重改善劳动力投入冗余的问题。

Abstract:

Differences in environmental conditions are the objective existence of the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in my country and are also an important reason for the huge differences in the input-output efficiency of agriculture and animal husbandry. Efficiency analysis that does not consider the impact of environmental conditions can easily obscure the input-output efficiency of farmers, which may mask the efficiency differences in reason. Through the analysis, it is found that there are objective differences in beef cattle breeding in various regions of the country, and the model processing is used to minimize the environmental impact of each region, to obtain a more accurate technical efficiency value of beef cattle breeding. Using the monitoring data of beef cattle breeding input and output of the national beef yak industry technology system, the three-stage DEA model method was used to study the difference between farmers' beef cattle breeding input-output efficiency and its improvement methods. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the input-output efficiency of beef cattle breeding had a close relationship with environmental conditions. Secondly, after excluding the influence of environmental conditions, there was a significant change in the input-output efficiency of beef cattle breeding in 87.11% of the samples, with a decrease of 47.42% in efficiency and an increase of 39.69% in efficiency. Thirdly, the redundancy of input factors was the essence of the difference in the efficiency of beef cattle breeding, and the redundancy of input factors had also changed significantly after the influence of environmental conditions. It was more serious than in the northeast production area, and the redundancy of feed input was gradually increasing in pastoral areas, agricultural areas, and interlaced areas of agriculture and animal husbandry. Therefore, to improve the input-output efficiency of beef cattle in my country, we should focus on improving the redundancy of feed input and the redundancy of labor input in the southwest and northeast production area.