国外乡村民宿发展研究及其对中国的启示

RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN VILLAGE HOME-STAY AND THEIR ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA

关键词:  乡村民宿  农民主体  发展历程  模式路径  典型经验

Key words:  village home-stay  farmers' subjectivity  development course  pattern path  typical experience

摘要:

目的 通过对国外乡村民宿发展历程、路径模式、典型经验的系统梳理与总结提炼，揭示了国外乡村民宿发展内在精髓，研究中国乡村民宿发展路径，弥补已有国外乡村民宿研究单个案例研究的不足，更好地服务于中国乡村民宿高质量发展。方法 文章采用文献研究法、历史脉络分析法和案例研究法，研究了国外乡村民宿发展，提出了中国乡村民宿发展可借鉴路径。结果 国外乡村民宿的发展经过萌芽探索期（20世纪30—60年代）、快速发展期（20世纪70—90年代）、规范发展期（21世纪以来），形成了休闲体验式乡村民宿、文化体验式乡村民宿、农事体验式乡村民宿、运动体验式乡村民宿多种发展模式，具有注重政策引导与规范、提倡农房自有自用自营、注重发挥协会组织协调作用、因地制宜引导发展等典型经验。结论 未来中国需要从制度建设、农民主体权益保护、发展路径模式等方面入手，建立一套完整的乡村民宿发展政策体系，探索一个有利于发挥农民主体地位的乡村民宿发展方式，创建一支强有力的乡村民宿行业协会力量，走出一条具有中国特色乡村民宿多元路径，推动中国乡村民宿健康可持续发展。

Abstract:

By systematically combing and summarizing the development process, path model and typical experience of foreign village home-stay, this research reveals the internal essence of the development of foreign village home-stay, studies and proposes the development path of Chinese village home-stay, which makes up for the lack of the research on single case of foreign village home-stay study, and better serves the high-quality development of Chinese rural home-stay. This study comprehensively adopted literature research method, historical context analysis method and case study method to study the development of foreign village home-stay, and proposed the reference path for the development of Chinese village home-stay. The results were showed as follows. The development of foreign village home-stay went through the budding exploration period (1930s-60s), the rapid development period (1970s-90s), and the standardized development period (since the 21st century), forming various development models of home-stays, like leisure experience-style home-stays, cultural experiential village home-stay, agricultural experiential country houses, and sports experiential village home-stay, which had typical experiences in focusing on policy guidance and norms, advocating self-use and self-operation of farm houses, paying attention to the coordination role of associations, and guiding development according to local conditions, etc. Therefore, in the future, China needs to establish a complete set of village home-stay development policy system, explore a village home-stay development mode that is conducive to giving play to the main role of farmers, create a strong powerful village home-stay industry associations, and blaze out a multi-path with Chinese characteristics of village home-stay from the aspects of system construction, protection of farmers' main rights and interests, development path mode, etc., so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of Chinese village home-stay.