农业社会化服务绿色发展效应的作用路径研究——基于农户要素禀赋的调节作用

RESEARCH ON THE ACTION PATH OF GREEN DEVELOPMENT EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIALIZED SERVICES——THE MODERATING ROLE OF FACTOR ENDOWMENTS BASED ON FARM HOUSEHOLDS

关键词:  农业社会化服务  农业绿色全要素生产率  农户要素禀赋  影响路径  调节作用

Key words:  agricultural social services  agricultural green total factor productivity  factor endowment of farm households  path of influence  moderating role

摘要:

目的 绿色全要素生产率被视为考量绿色发展的重要表征。农业社会化服务是小农户对接现代农业的经验性路径和政策性选择，对提升农业绿色全要素生产率、助推农业农村绿色发展具有重要意义。方法 文章基于投入产出纬度法、技术优化的Malmquist-Luenberger指数分别测算了样本农户的社会化服务和绿色全要素生产率变动情况，深入探究了微观场域下社会化服务对农业绿色发展的影响路径，以及农户要素禀赋在其间可能的作用，并通过调节效应模型进行实证检验。结果 （1）研究发现社会化服务对农业生产行为的重塑能力，会随着服务水平的持续提高，引起农业经营活动的空间高效集聚与农业要素的空间优化配置，呈现出农业生产方式的绿色化、规模化、资本化与技术化特征，消除劳动力自由流动的“隐形壁垒”，打破农业技术辐射扩散的“玻璃幕墙”，呈现出双轮驱动的提升模式，共同实现了农户层绿色农业技术效率、绿色农业技术变化的提高。（2）这种影响呈现非线性特点，促进作用大于抑制作用，最终表现为社会化服务的线性正向效果，共同驱动了农户层面绿色全要素生产率的提升。（3）农户的要素禀赋与社会化服务存在互补作用，强化了社会化服务绿色效应的路径依赖，且这种调节影响也存在门槛。农业社会化服务通过农户要素禀赋的调节作用，降低了其跨越门槛值的难度，为之后的社会化服务借助绿色农业技术效率、绿色农业技术变化两条路径，提升绿色发展水平提供了现实保障和长效机制。结论 研究为更好地发挥农业社会化服务在提升绿色发展方面的作用，而采取不同的政策措施提供了理论依据，未来需要继续深入实施农业农村改革，加快推进现代农业绿色高质量发展。

Abstract:

Green total factor productivity is regarded as an important phenotype for considering green development. Agricultural social service is an empirical path and policy choice for small farmers to connect with modern agriculture, it is important to enhance the green total factor productivity and promote the agricultural green development. Based on the input-output latitude method and Malmquist-Luenberger index of technology optimization, we measured the changes of socialized services and green total factor productivity of the sample farmers respectively, explored the influence path of socialized services on green agricultural development in the micro field and the possible role of farmers' factor endowment in it, and tested it empirically through the moderating effect model. It is found that the reshaping ability of social services on agricultural production behavior will cause efficient spatial clustering of agricultural operation activities and optimal spatial allocation of agricultural factors with the continuous improvement of service level, presenting green, large-scale, capitalized and technological characteristics of agricultural production methods. It also eliminates the “invisible barrier” to the free flow of labor and breaks the “glass curtain wall” to the radiation diffusion of agricultural technology, presenting a two-wheel-driven enhancement mode, realizing the improvement of green agricultural technology efficiency and green agricultural technology change at the farmer level. At the same time, this impact presents a non-linear characteristic, with the promoting effect outweighing the inhibiting effect, and eventually manifests itself as a linear positive effect of socialized services, which together drive to influence the improvement of agricultural green total factor productivity. Among them, there is a complementary effect between the factor endowment of farmers and socialized services, which strengthens the green agricultural technical efficiency of socialized services and the enhancement effect of green agricultural technical change, and there is also a threshold for this moderating influence. Agricultural socialized services reduce the difficulty of crossing the threshold value through the regulating role of farmers’ factor endowment, provide a realistic guarantee and long-term mechanism for subsequent socialized services to enhance green development with the help of two paths: green agricultural technology efficiency and green agricultural technology change. The study provides a theoretical basis for better playing the role of agricultural socialization services in enhancing green development while adopting different policy measures. In the future, we need to continue to deeply implement agricultural rural reforms and accelerate the green high-quality development of modern agriculture.