我国“土特产”农产品土宜研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE SUITABILITY OF "LOCAL SPECIALTY" AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN CHINA

关键词:  土特产  农产品  土宜  土地适宜性评价  第三次全国土壤普查

Key words:  local specialties  agricultural products  soil suitability research  land suitability evaluation  the Third National Soil Census

摘要:

目的 为全面摸清我国土壤质量家底，服务国家粮食安全、生态安全，促进农业农村现代化和生态文明建设，国务院启动了第三次全国土壤普查工作，开展名特优农产品的土宜研究是此次普查工作的重要组成部分。方法 文章以“土宜”和“种植适宜评价”为主题或题名进行在CNKI中进行检索，检索时间跨度为1993—2023年，经整理筛选得到324篇文献作为该文的研究样本，使用CiteSpace6.2.R4（64 bit）版本软件对研究样本进行关键词分析。运用文献分析法对土宜的内涵、影响“土特产”农产品土宜的因素、我国“土特产”农产品土宜条件和土宜评价进行综述研究。结果 （1）影响“土特产”农产品土宜的因素主要有气候、地形、成土母质、土壤和养分元素。（2）在冲积平原地区，土体质地构型是影响“土特产”生长发育的最主要性质之一；（3）在山地丘陵地区，成土母岩母质可能是土壤影响“土特产”生长发育的主要性质之一。结论 开展“土特产”土宜评价，应先收集前人有关作物品质和种植现状土壤特性，进而根据分析结果筛选评价指标体系，开展土特产的现状与适宜性评价，为种植区划调整优化提供科学依据。

Abstract:

In order to comprehensively understand the soil quality background of our country, serve the country's food security and ecological security, promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and contribute to the construction of ecological civilization, the State Council had launched the Third National Soil Survey. This survey is an important part of a larger census effort aimed at studying the local conditions of famous, special, and excellent agricultural products.To gather relevant information for this study, a search was conducted in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) using keywords such as "soil suitability" and "planting suitability evaluation". The search time spanned from 1993 to 2023. After sorting through numerous articles on these topics, a total of 324 research samples were selected as references for this research. Then the selected research samples were analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4 (64 bit) software, and identified key trends and patterns within the literature. By employing a methodical approach to literature analysis, this comprehensive study aims to explore various aspects related to soil suitability. Firstly, it delved into understanding the connotation or meaning behind soil suitability in relation to agricultural practices. This involved how different factors influence soil suitability for cultivating "local specialty" agricultural products in China. Furthermore, this study investigated specific conditions that determined whether certain soils were suitable for growing these unique agricultural products. Factors such as nutrient content, pH levels, moisture retention capacity, organic matter composition were among those considered when evaluating soil suitability. Lastly but importantly, this research also focused on developing effective methods for evaluating soil suitability specifically tailored towards assessing "local specialty" agricultural products in China. The results were showed as follows. (1) The main factors affecting the soil suitability of agricultural products with "local specialties" included climate, terrain, soil parent material, soil, and nutrient elements. (2) In alluvial plain areas, soil texture and configuration were one of the most important properties that affected the growth and development of "local specialties"; In mountainous and hilly areas, the parent material of soil forming rock may be one of the main properties of soil that affected the growth and development of "local specialties". In summary, to carry out the evaluation of soil suitability for "local specialties", it is necessary to first collect previous information on crop quality and soil characteristics of planting status, and then screen the evaluation index system based on the analysis results. The evaluation of the current status and suitability of local specialties should be carried out, so as to provide a scientific basis for the adjustment and optimization of planting zoning.