中国农产品地理标志整体及分类时空格局特征研究

RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERN CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN CHINA

关键词:  核密度分析  标准差椭圆  农产品地理标志  时空格局  空间集聚

Key words:  kernel density analysis  standard deviation ellipse  geographical indications of agricultural products  spatial and temporal patterns  spatial agglomeration

摘要:

目的 中国是一个具有丰富自然资源的传统农业国家，有很多地方特色的农产品，注册农产品地理标志能够合理利用当地的农耕文化的同时促进地方特色产业的发展。方法 文章基于全国农产品地理标志信息查询系统中的2021年3 454条农产品地理标志信息，再通过地名查询经纬度获取产品地理标志点位数据，运用核密度分析法和标准差椭圆法对2008—2021年全国农产品地理标志整体时空分布特征及种植、畜牧、水产分类时空分布特征进行了研究。结果 （1）我国农产品地理标志数量在研究内呈现出明显的上升趋势，但环比增长速度有所放缓。数量由2008年的121个增加至2021年的3 454个，环比增长速度则由2009年的67%下降至2021年的38%，种植业、畜牧业和水产业三大类农产品地理标志数量构成比变化不明显。（2）种植业类农产品地理标志数量由2008年的102个增加至2021年的2 669个，畜牧业类农产品地理标志数量由16个增加至515个，水产业类农产品地理标志数量由3个增加至270个。结论 我国农产品地理标志整体空间分布格局呈现出非均衡的“东多西少”特征，主要集中分布在黄河流域、长江流域以及东部沿海的“两横一纵”的三轴上，空间集聚方向基本保持“东北—西南”方向，但离散度有所增加。种植业类农产品地理标志空间分布格局与整体空间分布格局类似，畜牧业类农产品地理标志空间集聚方向由“东北—西南”方向聚集逐渐演变成方向性不明显的“东—西”向分布，水产业类农产品地理标志空间集聚方向主要呈“南—北”向分布，与我国大陆海岸线分布具有较强的贴和度。

Abstract:

China is a traditional agricultural country with abundant natural resources and many local agricultural products. Registering agricultural product geographical indications can make reasonable use of local agricultural culture while promoting the development of local characteristic industries. Based on 3 454 agricultural products geographical indication information from the National Agricultural Product Geographical Indication Information Query System in 2021, the product geographical indication point data was obtained through place name query longitude and latitude. The overall spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of agricultural product geographical indications and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of planting, animal husbandry, and aquatic classification from 2008 to 2001 were studied by using the kernel density analysis and the standard deviation ellipse method. The results were listed as follows. (1) The number of geographical indications for agricultural products in China showed a clear upward trend in the research, but the growth rate slowed down compared to the previous month. The number had increased from 121 in 2008 to 3 454 in 2021, while the month on month growth rate had decreased from 67% in 2009 to 38% in 2021. The composition ratio of geographical indications in the three major categories of agricultural products, namely planting, animal husbandry, and aquaculture, had not changed significantly. (2) The number of geographical indications for agricultural products in the planting industry increased from 102 in 2008 to 2 669 in 2021, the number of geographical indications for livestock products increased from 16 to 515, and the number of geographical indications for aquatic products increased from 3 to 270. In summary, the overall spatial distribution pattern of geographical indications for agricultural products in China shows an imbalanced "more in the east and less in the west" feature, mainly concentrated in the "two horizontal and one vertical" three axes of the Yellow River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, and eastern coastal areas. The spatial agglomeration direction basically maintains the "northeast-southwest" direction, but the dispersion increase. The spatial distribution pattern of geographical indications for agricultural products in the planting industry is similar to the overall spatial distribution pattern. The spatial distribution direction of geographical indications for agricultural products in the animal husbandry industry gradually evolves from the "northeast southwest" direction to the "east-west" direction with no obvious directionality. The spatial distribution of geographical indications for agricultural products in the aquaculture industry mainly follows the "south-north" direction, which has a strong degree of alignment with the distribution of the coastline of mainland China.