农地细碎化问题研究综述与展望

REVIEW AND PROSPECT OF RESEARCH ON FARMLAND FRAGMENTATION

关键词:  农地细碎化  CiteSpace  效应  乡村振兴  治理路径

Key words:  farmland fragmentation  CiteSpace  effect  rural revitalization  governance path

摘要:

目的 梳理农地细碎化问题研究现状和热点，探究其研究前沿与主题，提出农地细碎化研究方向具有重要的意义。方法 文章以信息可视化软件CiteSpace为研究手段，基于1990—2022年CNKI和WOS数据库中的核心期刊农地细碎化领域论文样本，绘制农地细碎化研究领域核心关键词、突变词和关键词共现时间轴等知识图谱，对热点研究主线以及研究主题进行归纳。结果 （1）2000年以来，在城镇化加速发展农业劳动力务农机会成本上升的背景下，农地细碎化研究总体呈波动增长趋势；（2）已有研究聚焦于细碎化的影响因素与景观格局、细碎化与土地利用管理关系、细碎化对农业生产效率影响以及土地流转、土地整理等细碎化整治模式热点领域，有6条研究主线；（3）国内刊物关于农地细碎化研究具有很强的政策导向，最新突现词为乡村振兴；而国际刊物上更关注粮食安全和技术效率；（4）研究历程分为3个阶段：细碎化效应初显阶段（1990—2007年）、细碎化响应增强阶段（2008—2013年）和细碎化系统治理阶段（2014年至今）。结论 我国农业劳动力务农机会成本仍将提高，中国农地细碎化问题进一步凸显，未来研究可遵循区域细碎化“特征—成因—治理”框架，优化评价方法，划分农地细碎化类型；并基于细碎化分区，确定治理优先序和标准；强化多学科融合、多主体参与，构建农地细碎化协同治理机制。

Abstract:

Sorting out the current situation and hotspots of research on farmland fragmentation, investigating its frontiers and themes, and proposing the agricultural land fragmentation research direction is very important. Based on samples of core journal papers in the field of agricultural land fragmentation in the CNKI and WOS databases from 1990 to 2022, this research drew knowledge maps of core keywords, mutated words, and keyword co-occurrence timelines in the field of agricultural land fragmentation research, and summarized the hot research mainlines as well as the research themes with a research tool of the information visualization software CiteSpace. The findings indicated that: (1) Since 2000, studies on agricultural land fragmentation had generally shown a fluctuating growth trend based on the background of rising opportunity costs for laborers to engage in agriculture due to the faster urbanization process. (2) The focus of current research was on popular topics such as the influencing factors and landscape patterns of fragmentation, the connection between fragmentation and land use management, the impact of fragmentation on agricultural production efficiency, land transfer, land consolidation and other fragmentation remediation models, with six main lines of research. (3) Research in the field of agricultural land fragmentation in China had a strong policy orientation, and the latest emerging word was rural revitalization, while international journals were more concerned with food security and technical efficiency. (4) According to the diachronic trend of hot topics and the annual number of published papers, the current research was divided into three stages: the stage of the first manifestation of fragmentation's effect (1990-2007), the stage of the response enhancement to fragmentation (2008-2013), and the stage of the systematic governance of fragmentation (2014-now), with different research themes in each stage. In the first stage, the driving factors of agricultural land fragmentation were discussed. In the second stage, the measurement and spatial characteristics of farmland fragmentation and the influence of farmland fragmentation on agricultural production were deeply discussed. In the third stage, in addition to continuing the research themes of the previous two phases, it focused on the control measures of farmland fragmentation. In conclusion, future research on agricultural land fragmentation in China could follow the path of "characteristics-causes-governance", optimizing the evaluation method and classifying the types of agricultural land fragmentation, determining the priorities and standards of governance based on fragmentation zoning, strengthening the integration of multiple disciplines, and involving multi-stakeholders to build a collaborative governance mechanism for agricultural land fragmentation.