基于社会网络分析的村镇空间格局优化研究——以湖南省石门县为例

OPTIMIZING THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF VILLAGES AND TOWNS BASED ON SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS——TAKING SHIMEN COUNTY, HUNAN PROVINCE AS A CASE STUDY

关键词:  村镇空间格局  社会网络模型  国土空间规划  乡村振兴  石门县

Key words:  spatial pattern of villages and towns  social network analysis  national spatial planning  rural revitalization  Shimen county

摘要:

目的 党的十九大提出实施乡村振兴战略，而随着城镇化的进程和乡村空间的重构，在县域范围内优化村镇空间格局，可以有效促进城乡融合与乡村振兴。方法 文章以湖南省石门县为案例区，基于社会网络分析，提出县域村镇空间格局的优化步骤，即采用引力模型探究村庄交互格局，借助社会网络分析的凝聚子群揭示组团结构，利用位序规模法则量化各团块的极化程度，进而指出村镇空间格局存在的问题，并结合各团块地域特征提出空间优化的途径。结果 （1）石门县整体空间联系网络密度稳定性不高，村庄间联系较弱，表现为典型的圈层网络结构；（2）石门县村庄可划定五大发展团块，交互引力由东南团块向西北团块递减；（3）现阶段各团块的极化效应和要素集聚程度较低，有待进一步推进要素的集聚。结论 研究识别出石门县各村庄空间联系不足、现有行政区划单位不能满足村庄组团发展要求，未来要以村镇视角加强全县统筹，以团块为整体推进产业发展规划和生产要素沟通交流，有效发挥团块中心的辐射带动作用，在团块内部形成“一核心多中心”的空间分工发展模式，各中心吸引构建对应产业链环节的企业。

Abstract:

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. With urbanization and the reconstruction of rural space, optimizing the spatial pattern of villages and towns within a county can effectively promote urban-rural integration and rural revitalization. This study took social network analysis as the core, proposed an optimization process for the spatial pattern of county towns and villages, and followed the steps of evaluating the status quo, identifying problems, and conducting spatial optimization, then systematically constructed a spatial pattern optimization process for county towns and villages by combining various research methods such as the gravity model, social network analysis, and the rank-size rule. The gravity model was used to explore the interaction pattern of villages, social network analysis was used to reveal the group structure, and the rank-size rule was used to quantify the polarization degree of clusters. Finally, the problems existing in the spatial pattern of villages and towns were identified, and spatial optimization approaches were proposed in combination with the regional characteristics of each cluster. Taking Shimen county, Hunan province, as the case study, the results showed that: (1) The overall spatial connection network density stability of Shimen county was not high, and the connections between villages were weak, showing a typical circular layered network structure. (2) The villages in Shimen county could be divided into five blocks, and the interactive gravity decreased from the southeast block to the northwest block. (3) The polarization effect and factor agglomeration degree of each block at this stage were low, and the agglomeration of factors needed further promotion. In summary, this research reveals that the spatial connection of villages in Shimen county is insufficient and that the existing administrative division units cannot meet the requirements of village group development. In the future, it will be necessary to strengthen the overall planning of a county as a whole from the perspective of villages and towns, promote industrial development planning and the communication of production factors as a whole, and give full play to the radiation and driving role of the cluster center. A 'one core, multiple centers' spatial development model can be formed within a cluster, where each center attracts enterprises that build corresponding links in the industrial chain.