陕西省乡村旅游点空间分布及区域协同发展

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATON AND REGIONAL COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  乡村旅游点  乡村旅游资源  类型  空间特征  陕西省

Key words:  rural tourism destinations  rural tourism resources  type  spatial features  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 乡村旅游点是乡村产业振兴、休闲旅游和美丽乡村建设的重要载体，研究不同乡村旅游点空间格局，识别区域差异化特征，为区域乡村旅游空间格局优化和协同发展提供参考。方法 文章在整理陕西省5类国家级乡村旅游点的基础上，综合运用核密度法、标准差椭圆模型、Voronoi图构建法等空间分析方法研究乡村旅游点的空间分布格局和区域分异现状，并在此基础上提出乡村旅游点的优化建议。结果 （1）陕西省各类乡村旅游点数量以渭南市最多；其次是榆林市、咸阳市、宝鸡市、安康市和汉中市；西安市和铜川市数量相对较少。从区域分布来看，乡村旅游点主要分布于关中地区，总数量为288个，占全省的53.43%，其次是陕南150个，占全省的27.83%，陕北数量最少为101个，占全省的18.74%。（2）乡村旅游点空间分布特点呈现明显的中间密，南北疏的特点；5类乡村旅游点之间的交叉重复性相对较低，只有少部分乡村具有一定的复合型特征。（3）中国传统村落的核心集聚区位于陕北榆林市黄土高原、永定河与黄河故道交错区；中国少数民族特色村寨分布核心集聚区位于秦岭山脉与大巴山交汇处；全国乡村旅游重点村核密度分布相对离散均匀，形成了包括铜川市、渭南市、西安市、安康市和汉中市等多个集聚热点区。（4）5类乡村旅游点空间分布特征差异较大：中国传统村落分布方向性最明显，整体呈均匀的非离散分布态势；国家森林乡村、全国乡村旅游重点村与该省全部乡村旅游点的标准差椭圆空间分布特征相类似，表现为分布方向性较弱，而离散程度较大的态势；中国历史文化名村主要分布于省域北部，并在小范围内呈现南北均匀分布态势；中国少数民族特色村寨主要分布于省域南部区域，呈现相对集中的分布态势。结论 陕西省乡村旅游点分布具有明显的空间集聚特征，5类乡村旅游点空间格局分异较大，大部分乡村旅游点具有明显的独立性，地域自然与人文的区域分异显著。基于以上分析将陕西省乡村旅游点划分为优势集聚发展区、资源潜力发展区、协调提升发展区三大类型，并在此基础上分别对以上3种类型区域的乡村旅游优化发展路径进行了详细阐述。

Abstract:

To study the spatial pattern of characteristic rural tourism points in Shaanxi province, identify regional differentiation characteristics, and propose spatial coordination optimization paths. On the basis of organizing 5 types of national level characteristic villages in Shaanxi province, spatial analysis methods such as kernel density method, standard deviation ellipse model, and Voronoi diagram construction method were comprehensively employed to study the spatial distribution pattern and regional differentiation status of characteristic villages. Based on this, optimization suggestions for the development of tourism in characteristic villages were proposed. The results were showed as follows. (1) Weinan city had the highest number of various characteristic villages in Shaanxi province; followed by Yulin city, Xianyang city, Baoji city, Ankang city, and Hanzhong city; The number of cities in Xi'an and Tongchuan was relatively small. From the perspective of regional distribution, characteristic villages were mainly distributed in the Guanzhong region, with a total number of 288, accounting for 53.43% of the province, followed by 150 in southern Shaanxi, accounting for 27.83% of the province, and the minimum number in northern Shaanxi was 101, accounting for 18.74% of the province. (2) The spatial distribution characteristics of characteristic rural areas showed obvious characteristics of dense in the middle and sparse in the north and south; The cross repetition between the five types of characteristic villages was relatively low, and only a small number of villages had certain compound characteristics. (3) The core agglomeration area of traditional Chinese villages was located in the intersection area of the Loess Plateau, Yongding River, and the old Yellow River in Yulin city, northern Shaanxi province; The core cluster area of Chinese ethnic minority characteristic villages was located at the intersection of the Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains; The density distribution of key rural tourism villages in China was relatively scattered and uniform, forming multiple clustering hotspots including Tongchuan city, Weinan city, Xi'an city, Ankang city, and Hanzhong city. (4) There were significant differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of the five types of characteristic rural areas, traditional Chinese villages had the most obvious directional distribution, showing a uniform and non discrete distribution trend as a whole; The standard deviation ellipse spatial distribution characteristics of national forest villages, national key rural tourism villages, and all characteristic villages in the province are similar, showing a weak directional distribution and a large degree of dispersion; Chinese historical and cultural villages are mainly distributed in the northern part of the province, and show a uniform distribution pattern in the north and south within a small area; Chinese ethnic minority characteristic villages are mainly distributed in the southern region of the province, showing a relatively concentrated distribution trend. The distribution of characteristic rural areas in Shaanxi province has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, with significant differences in the spatial pattern of the five types of characteristic rural areas. Most characteristic rural areas have obvious independence, and there is a significant regional differentiation between natural and cultural regions. Based on the above analysis, the development of characteristic rural tourism in Shaanxi Province is divided into three types: advantageous agglomeration development zone, resource potential development zone, and coordinated improvement development zone. On this basis, the optimization development path of rural tourism in the above three types of regions is elaborated in detail.