种养结合整体绿色技术效率的测度与分析

MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE OVERALL GREEN TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBINATION OF PLANTING AND BREEDING

关键词:  生猪养殖  粮食种植  种养结合  整体绿色技术效率  网络SBM-DEA模型

Key words:  pig breeding  grain planting  combination of planting and breeding  overall green technology efficiency  network SBM-DEA model

摘要:

目的 准确评估种养结合的优点与不足对种养结合农业系统的发展有着重要的意义。方法 文章基于2009—2017年江苏省物价局对江苏13个地级市农户的微观调研数据，选择“生猪养殖+粮食种植”模式下的种养结合农户作为研究对象，采用网络SBM-DEA模型对种养结合整体的绿色技术效率进行了测度和分析，并利用Tobit模型分析了种养结合整体绿色技术效率的影响因素。结果 （1）种养结合整体绿色技术效率的均值为0.896 0，年均增长率为1.499%。（2）种养结合整体绿色技术效率高于生猪养殖绿色技术效率和粮食生产绿色技术效率，并且与生猪养殖绿色技术效率的相关性更强。（3）生猪养殖数量和粮食种植面积之间存在协同性，当两者之间的比例不协调时，生猪养殖绿色技术效率、粮食生产绿色技术效率与种养结合整体绿色技术效率之间存在“1+1<2”的情况。（4）种养结合农户年龄、受教育程度、生猪养殖技术水平、粮食种植技术水平对种养结合整体绿色技术效率有正向影响；生猪养殖雇工比重、粮食作物种植种类数量对种养结合整体绿色技术效率有负向影响。生猪养殖数量与粮食种植面积的比例与种养结合整体绿色技术效率之间存在倒U型关系，当比例等于3.89头/（0.067 hm²?年）时，种养结合整体绿色技术效率达到最高。结论 为促进种养结合循环农业发展，提出了将种养结合整体绿色技术效率作为评估指标、合理配置生猪养殖数量和粮食种植面积、对种养结合农户定期开展农业技术培训等建议。

Abstract:

A thorough assessment of the benefits and challenges of the integration of planting and breeding is crucial for advancing sustainable agriculture development. Based on micro panel data on the cost-benefit of agricultural products for farmers in Jiangsu province from 2009 to 2017, this paper selected farmers who combine planting and breeding under the "pig farming+grain planting" model as the research object, adopted the network SBM-DEA model to measure and analyze the overall green technology efficiency of the combination of planting and breeding, and employed the Tobit model to analyze the influencing factors of the overall green technology efficiency of the combination of planting and breeding. The results showed that: (1) The average of overall green technology efficiency of the combination of planting and breeding was 0.8960, and the annual growth rate was 1.499%. (2) The overall green technology efficiency of the combination of breeding and breeding was higher than that of the green technology efficiency of pig breeding and the green technology efficiency of grain production, and the correlation with the green technology efficiency of pig breeding was stronger. (3) The combination of planting and breeding farmer's age, education level, pig farming technology level, and grain planting technology level had a positive impact on the overall green technology efficiency of the combination of planting and breeding; The proportion of pig breeding employees and the number of types of grain crops planted had a negative impact on the overall green technology efficiency of the combination of planting and breeding. (4) There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the ratio of pig breeding quantity to grain planting area and the overall green technology efficiency of the combination of planting and breeding. When and only when the ratio of pig breeding quantity to grain planting area was equal to 3.89 heads/mu·year, the overall green technology efficiency of the combination of breeding and breeding reached the highest. Therefore, to promote the development of circular agriculture combining planting and breeding, it is proposed to use the overall green technology efficiency of planting and breeding as an evaluation indicator, reasonably allocate the number of pig farms and grain planting area, and regularly conduct agricultural technology training for farmers who combine planting and breeding, etc.