非农就业、服务外包对农户耕地质量保护的影响

IMPACT OF OFF-FARM EMPLOYMENT AND SERVICE OUTSOURCING ON CULTIVATED LAND QUALITY PROTECTION

关键词:  非农就业  服务外包  耕地质量保护行为  粮食安全  粮食种植户

Key words:  off-farm employment  service outsourcing  cultivated land quality protection behavior  food safety  grain growers

摘要:

目的 农户兼业是农民分化的重要特征。在农村劳动力持续外流的趋势下，如何健全便捷高效的农业社会化服务体系是党的二十届三中全会强调的重大命题，探讨非农就业、服务外包对农户耕地质量保护的影响至关重要。方法 文章基于安徽、山东和黑龙江等10个省份300个村庄2 780个粮食种植户的调查数据，运用Oprobit模型、CMP方法，实证检验非农就业对农户耕地质量保护行为决策的影响，以及服务外包在其中发挥的调节作用。结果 非农就业不利于农户采纳耕地质量保护行为。服务外包可以缓解非农就业带来的要素约束，进而促进耕地质量保护行为的采纳，且相比劳动密集型外包服务，技术密集型外包服务发挥的作用更加明显。进一步分析表明，非农就业对老一代以及山区农户耕地质量保护行为的抑制作用更明显，而服务外包在年轻一代以及平原地区农户行为发挥的积极作用更大。结论 应不断完善农业社会化服务市场，特别是针对农户需求差异激活不同类型农业社会化服务要素活力，减缓兼业农户进行耕地质量保护的约束。

Abstract:

The dual employment of farmers is an important characteristic of farmer differentiation. In the context of the ongoing exodus of rural labor force, how to improve the convenient and efficient agricultural socialized service system is a major proposition emphasized at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Based on data from Anhui, Shandong, Heilongjiang and 10 other provinces, 300 villages, 2 780 grain farmers, this research theoretically and empirically tested the impact of off-farm employment on cultivated land quality protection and the moderating role played by service outsourcing in it. The results were showed as follows. (1) Off-farm employment had a significant negative impact on farmers’ farmland quality protection behavior. Service outsourcing alleviated the constraints of factors brought about by off-farm employment, thereby promoting the adoption of land quality protection behaviors. Compared with labor-intensive service outsourcing, technology-intensive service outsourcing played a more obvious role. Further analysis showed that off-farm employment had a more obvious inhibitory effect on cropland quality protection behaviors of the older generation of farmers as well as farmers in mountainous areas, while service outsourcing played a more positive role in the behaviors of the younger generation of farmers as well as farmers in plains areas. Further analysis showed that the inhibitory effect of off-farm employment on land quality protection was more pronounced among older generation farmers and mountain farmers, whereas service outsourcing had a greater effect on the land protection behavior of younger generation farmers and plain farmers. Therefore, this study suggests that enhanced attention should be given to the agricultural production behavior of farmers who engage in off-farm employment, with a particular focus on nurturing a more vibrant agricultural socialized service market that caters to the diverse needs of different types of farmers. In doing so, we may effectively alleviate the constraints of off-farm employment on land quality protection and promote sustainable agricultural development in China.