闲置农房盘活利用：理论逻辑、实践案例与优化路径

REVITALIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF IDLE RURAL HOUSES: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS, PRACTICAL CASES, AND OPTIMIZATION PATHS

关键词:  闲置农房  盘活利用  模式路径  实践案例  可持续

Key words:  idle rural houses  revitalization and utilization  models and paths  practical cases  sustainable

摘要:

目的 建立盘活利用闲置农房的长效机制，有助于推动乡村产业振兴和农民持续增长，对于激发乡村全面振兴内生动力意义重大。明晰闲置农房盘活利用内涵，构建盘活利用理论体系，对盘活利用典型案例进行对比分析，探寻闲置农房盘活利用可持续优化路径，可以适应县域城乡融合和乡村全面振兴新要求，为深化农村土地制度改革提供支撑。方法 文章综合运用文本分析、典型案例分析和对比分析等方法。结果 （1）闲置农房盘活利用可以划分为“盘活”和“利用”环节，符合马克思土地产权理论，是“资源—资本—资产”的实现过程。（2）实践中初步形成了政府主导的“有偿退出+指标交易”的异地模式、政府主导的“置换或流转+多元利用”的就地模式、村集体主导的“统一流转、统筹利用”模式和农户主导的“自主经营或流转经营”的等模式。（3）未来将以盘活利用合法农房为主要导向，村集体和农户作为主导模式将成为主要趋势。结论 未来闲置农房盘活利用须统筹宅基地的住房保障和生产要素功能，以守住农民“进退有据”的制度底线为前提，按照“有为政府、有效市场”的整体思路，优化以农民利益为核心的，注重经济效益、社会效益、生态效益为一体的可持续盘活利用路径与政策体系，支撑城乡融合发展和乡村全面振兴。

Abstract:

Establishing a long-term mechanism for revitalizing and utilizing idle rural houses is crucial for promoting rural industrial revitalization and sustained farmer income growth. It holds significant implications for stimulating the endogenous driving force for comprehensive rural revitalization. Clarifying the connotation of idle rural housing revitalization, constructing a theoretical framework for revitalization and utilization, conducting comparative analyses of typical revitalization cases, and exploring sustainable optimization pathways can align with the new requirements of county-level urban-rural integration and comprehensive rural revitalization, thereby providing support for deepening rural land system reform. This study employed comprehensive approaches including text analysis, typical case analysis, and comparative analysis. The results were listed as follows. (1) The revitalization and utilization of idle rural houses could be divided into the "revitalization" and "utilization" stages, aligning with Marx's land property rights theory and representing a process of transforming "resources into capital and then into assets." (2) In practice, several preliminary models emerged, including a government-led "compensated withdrawal + index trading" model for relocation, a government-led "replacement or transfer + diversified utilization" model for local development, a village collective-led "unified transfer and coordinated utilization" model, and a farmer-led "self-operation or transfer operation" model. (3) Future efforts would prioritize legally compliant rural housing revitalization, with village collectives and farmers increasingly becoming dominant actors. Therefore, future revitalization of idle rural housing must balance the homestead's housing security and production functions. Under the institutional bottom line of safeguarding farmers' flexible entry and exit rights, a sustainable revitalization pathway and policy system should be optimized following the "capable government and effective market" framework. This system must center on farmers' interests while integrating economic, social, and ecological benefits, thereby supporting urban-rural integration and comprehensive rural revitalization.