闲置宅基地治理中的村庄类型识别及优化路径研究——以河南省孟津区为例

VILLAGE TYPE IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION PATHS IN THE GOVERNANCE OF IDLE RURAL HOMESTEADS——A CASE STUDY OF MENGJIN DISTRICT, HENAN PROVINCE

关键词:  闲置宅基地  类型识别  指标体系  优化路径  治理策略

Key words:  idle rural homesteads  type identification  indicator system  optimization path  governance policies

摘要:

目的 针对目前符合国家因地制宜开展闲置宅基地盘活利用需求的村庄分类方法尚缺乏的现实问题，基于村庄外部情境开展村庄类型识别研究显得尤为重要。方法 文章从村庄外部情境中的区位条件、资源禀赋和社会资本出发，建立评价指标体系。运用FAHP-熵权法和TOPSIS综合分析方法对2023年河南省洛阳市孟津区46个村庄进行了3个维度的定量测量，基于评价结果，运用三维二分组合识别村庄类型并判定与之相适应的治理模式，为闲置宅基地治理提供思路。结果 （1）不同村庄在闲置宅基地治理过程中面临的外部情境不同，在资源禀赋方面差异最大，其次是村庄社会资本和区位条件；（2）采用三维二分组合方法识别出“近郊优势协作型”“远郊劣势松散型”“近郊优势松散型”等8种村庄类型；（3）依据“区位条件—资源禀赋—社会资本”特征构建关系函数将村庄闲置宅基地治理模式识别为政府主导型治理模式、村社集体主导型治理模式和市场主导型治理模式等单一主体主导型治理模式以及村社集体—市场主导型治理模式、政府—市场主导型治理模式等多元主体主导型治理模式。结论 在尊重乡村区位条件、资源禀赋和社会资本等村庄外部情境差异的前提下，基于上述结果提出了不同类型村庄在闲置宅基地治理中的优化路径，未来应结合不同类型村庄特征制定差异化的治理策略。

Abstract:

Context-based village typology identification is crucial to address the current lack of classification methods aligning with national demands for revitalizing idle rural homesteads through localized approaches. This study established a village typology identification index system incorporating three external contextual dimensions: locational conditions, resource endowments, and social capital. The FAHP-Entropy weight method and TOPSIS comprehensive analysis method were applied to quantitatively measure on three dimensions for 46 villages in Mengjin district in 2023. Based on the evaluation results, village types were identified using a three-dimensional dichotomous combination method, and corresponding governance models were determined to provide ideas for the governance of idle rural homesteads. The results were outlined as follows. (1) Different villages faced different external contexts in the process of idle rural homestead governance. The greatest differences lied in resource endowments, followed by village social capital and location conditions. (2) By using the three-dimensional dichotomous combination method, eight village types were identified, including "suburban advantage-collaborative", "outer suburban disadvantage-loose", "suburban advantage-loose" and others. (3) By constructing a relational function based on the characteristics of “location conditions-resource endowments-social capital”, the governance models for idle rural homesteads were identified as single-agent-led governance models, including government-led, village collective-led, and market-led models, as well as multi-agent-led governance models such as village collective-market-led and government-market-led models. Therefore, under the premise of respecting the differences in the external contexts of the village such as location conditions, resource endowments, and social capital. And based on the above results, optimized pathways for the governance of idle homesteads in different types of villages are proposed. In the future, differentiated governance strategies should be formulated in combination with the characteristics of different types of villages.