法国农药减量政策历史沿革、演进逻辑及经验启示

HISTORY, EVOLUTION LOGIC AND EXPERIENCE OF PESTICIDE REDUCTION POLICY IN FRANCE

关键词:  法国农药减量政策  Ecophyto计划  政策沿革  演进逻辑  启示借鉴

Key words:  France's pesticide reduction policy  Ecophyto program  policy evolution  evolution logic  insights

摘要:

目的 通过梳理法国农药减量政策的历史沿革，理清法国农药减量的主要政策手段及政策着力点，探究政策演变的内在逻辑，评价政策实施效果，为我国提升农药减量增效政策的精准性提供借鉴启示。方法 文章采用文献整理法分析研究现状，历史比较分析法分析法国农药减量政策历史演进和各阶段政策重点，归纳分析法分析农药减量政策的演进逻辑。结果 从政策重点来看，法国农药减量政策重点由认知培育转向实践执行，再到扩大实践；从政策性质来看，法国农药减量政策由最初的激励引导为主，转变为激励引导与强制约束并重；从政策对象来看，呈现从农药需求端向供应端过渡，并最终形成两端并重的趋势。结论 借鉴法国经验，推动价值链上参与者共同承担风险，并促进多环节间协作；同时，加大替代品的研发力度和推广，将认知提升与实践示范相结合；在此过程中，鼓励引导与法律约束应并重，并从实际出发，渐进式推进农药减量工作。

Abstract:

By analyzing the development history of France's pesticide reduction policy, clarifying its main policy means and focus, exploring the internal logic of policy evolution, and evaluating the effectiveness of policy implementation, this study aims to provide a reference for improving the accuracy of China's pesticide reduction and efficiency policy. This research adopted the literature review method to analyze the current research status, used the historical comparative analysis method to sort out the evolution process of France's pesticide reduction policy and the policy focus of each stage, and employed the inductive analysis method to explore the logic of policy evolution. The results were listed as follows. From the perspective of changes in policy priorities, the focus of France's pesticide reduction policy underwent a transformation from cultivating awareness, to implementing practices, and then to expanding the scope of practice; in terms of the nature of the policy, it was initially based on incentives and guidance, and gradually developed into a balance between incentives and guidance and mandatory constraints; in terms of policy targets, there was a transition from focusing on the demand side of pesticides to the supply side, and ultimately a trend of giving equal weight to both ends. In summary, drawing on France's experience, our country should encourage all participants in the value chain to share risks and strengthen collaboration. And it is essential to increase research and development and promotion of pesticide alternatives, and organically combine the improvement of awareness with practical demonstration. In addition, in the process of promotion, it is important to insist on encouraging and guiding while exercising legal constraints, and steadily advance the work of reducing pesticide use based on reality.