乡村发展水平测度与空间特征研究——以拉萨市为例

MEASUREMENT AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT LEVELS——A CASE STUDY OF LHASA CITY

关键词:  乡村发展水平  乡村振兴  耦合协调模型  空间格局特征  TOPSIS模型

Key words:  rural development level  rural revitalization  coordination model  pattern characteristics  TOPSIS model

摘要:

目的 在推进乡村振兴战略的新阶段，西藏正处于创建国家生态文明高地和高原经济高质量发展战略机遇期，研究乡村发展水平测度与空间特征，旨在为新阶段乡村空间布局阐明现实特征。方法 文章研究时间范围涵盖2017年度与2022年度，剔除了拉萨市3个市辖区的城镇，以拉萨市5个县的乡村地带为研究对象，根据乡村振兴五大理念与拉萨市乡村发展实际状况，从经济、社会及空间3个维度构建乡村发展水平指标体系，使用熵权TOPSIS模型与耦合协调度模型对拉萨市5个县域乡村发展水平进行评价，并根据评价结果对其经济、社会与空间乡村发展水平进行特征分析。结果 （1）2017—2022年拉萨市辖下5个县的乡村经济发展水平指数的排序显示，位于前列的是墨竹工卡县和曲水县，排名靠后的县域为林周县和尼木县。（2）从社会发展水平指数排序来看，曲水县增幅最大，当雄县、林周县及墨竹工卡县紧随其后，尼木县出现下降趋势。（3）从空间发展指数排序来看，2017年空间发展水平指数较高的县域乡村为当雄县与墨竹工卡县，2022年的高值县域则为当雄县与尼木县，在空间格局特征上呈现单点发展较为突出的特点。（4）拉萨市5县的乡村发展水平耦合协调度整体较低，且在空间格局上呈现“东部突出、整体跟进、局部滞后”的特征。拉萨市5县乡村发展基础薄弱，整体协调发展水平亟待提升。结论 通过对拉萨市5个县发展水平的测度与空间特征分析，为拉萨市乡村振兴战略的实施提出了可行性建议。

Abstract:

In the new stage of advancing the rural revitalization strategy, Xizang is currently in a strategic opportunity period for establishing a national ecological civilization highland and promoting high-quality development of the plateau economy. This study aims to examine the measurement and spatial characteristics of rural development levels, so as to clarify the actual features of rural spatial layout in the new stage. This research covered the years 2017 and 2022, excluding the urban areas of the three municipal districts of Lhasa city, and took the rural areas of the five counties under Lhasa's jurisdiction as the research object. Based on the five major concepts of rural revitalization and the actual conditions of rural development in Lhasa, an indicator system for rural development levels was constructed from three dimensions: Economy, society, and space. Furthermore, it adopted the entropy weight TOPSIS model and the coupling coordination degree model to evaluate the rural development levels of the five counties, and based on the evaluation results, analyzed the characteristics of economic, social, and spatial rural development. The results were indicated as follows. (1)The ranking of the rural economic development level index for the five counties under the jurisdiction of Lhasa city from 2017 to 2022 showed that Mozhugongka county and Qushui county ranked at the forefront, while Linzhou county and Nimu county ranked at the bottom. (2) In terms of the social development level index ranking, Qushui county recorded the largest increase, followed by Dangxiong county, Linzhou county, and Mozhugongka county, whereas Nimu county showed a declining trend. (3) Regarding the spatial development index ranking, the counties with higher spatial development level indices in 2017 were Dangxiong county and Mozhugongka county, while in 2022, the high-value counties shifted to Dangxiong county and Nimu county, exhibiting a spatial pattern characterized by prominent single-point development. (4) The overall coupling coordination degree of rural development levels among the five counties in Lhasa city was relativelylow, displaying a spatial pattern of "prominence in the east, overall follow-up, and local lag. " And the rural development foundation of the five counties in Lhasa city was weak, and the overall coordinated development level urgently neededimprovement. Through the measurement and spatial characteristic analysis of the development levels of the five counties in Lhasa city, feasible suggestions are proposed for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in Lhasa city.