| 摘要: |
| 城镇化加速带来的人口聚集程度以及城乡教育事业发展水平的明显差异,对以往依据行政区划对农村教育资源进行布局的方式提出了新的挑战。2001年起实施的以 “适当合并”、“整合资源”为主要施政意图的农村小学 “布局调整”政策,却在实际执行中引发了优质教育资源在城镇 “过度集中”的新问题,由此引起了农村地区所面临的种种农村内部和城乡之间,因资源配置不均衡而导致的 “不公平”现象的讨论。该文以上述基础教育资源布局调整政策为背景,首先运用统计数据和实地调研相关案例,描述了自 2001年政策实施以来,城乡学校以及校均学生数量的变化、农村地区的 “点校”运转状况以及地方财政资金在城乡学校之间基础建设上的分配情况;并通过建立全国30个省1998~2010年农村小学学校数量变化影响因素的面板模型,对地方政府撤并农村小学的行为动机进行了验证,结果证实了 “效率优先”的行为动机。文章在最后分析了这种以通过 “学校进城”迫使学生进城,推动城镇化的效率导向,是源自利益相关者的缺位,另一方面也提出了从根本上解决城乡基础教育资源配置问题的思路与进一步研究的方向。 |
| 关键词: 农村基础教育 布局调整 城乡资源配置 地方政府行为 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20140220 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目 “城乡一体化过程中农村公共产品供给机制与政策研究”(项目编号10BJY059)的阶段性研究成果,并得到了中国农业大学研究生科研创新项目资助 (项目名:城镇化、人口迁移与城乡义务教育资源的均衡配置;项目号:2012YJ139) |
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| LOCAL GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES IN IMPLEMENTING THE ADJUSTMENT OF DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RURAL AREA |
|
Yu Man
|
|
College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083
|
| Abstract: |
| The population aggregation degree
caused by acceleration of urbanization,as well
as the significant imbalance development of primary education quality and the disparity of population between rural and urban area have brought a new challenge to the layout of rural education resources which based on the administrative division in the past.To combine and integrate the education resources between urban and rural area in an adjusting perspective,"the adjustment of the distribution of elementary and secondary schools in rural areas"policy had been implemented since 2001 for the optimal allocation of the education resources based on district.However,this policy caused teachers and other resources of high quality accumulate excessively in urban area.This phenomenon led to a further discussion about the inequality of primary education caused by the imbalance allocation of education recourses both inside rural area and between urban and rural area.This paper first analyzed the changes of primary and secondary schools and averageamount of students between 1990 and 2010,discussed the difficulties of operation of " jiaoxuedian"in rural area,and compared the situation of provision of fiscal funds in the infrastructure of primary schools between urban and rural area.Based on these statistic data and related materials from field investigation,this paper demonstrated the inequality within rural and between urban and rural areas was deteriorated after applying"the adjustment of the distribution of elementary and secondary schools in rural areas"policy since 2001.Besides,the estimation results,which from the panel model using data from 1998 to 2010 in Mainland China,revealed that pursuing achievement in the level of urbanization was the real incentive to push local governments to implement the policy in a large-scale extent to rural primary school.At last,this paper summarized the main reason resulting in the disparity resources allocation between rural and urban area,that was the absence of rural residents which is an indispensable part of the related benefit during the process of drawing up and policy implementation.On the other hand,this paper proposed related policy suggestions about figuring out a feasible way to balance public provision and alloca-tion of resources of primary education between urban and rural area,and brought forward the reference approach for further study for other public services in current China. |
| Key words: elementary education in rural areas adjustment of the distribution resource allocation between urban and rural area local government behavior |
