| 摘要: |
| 随着经济发展，全球生态系统和景观正经历着快速变化。作为基本生态系统单元之一，草地生态 系统以其独特的生态系统服务功能与区域经济发展模式而面临着严峻挑战。西藏高原地区草地生态系统服 务功能演变及退化已成为高原生态安全屏障保护与建设面临的主要问题。文章基于家畜饲草料资源多样 性，首先将西藏草地资源划分为不适合和不能放牧区域以及适合放牧区，对于适合放牧区域，在分析草地 载畜量、补饲载畜量、牲畜存栏量地域差异及其影响因素基础上核算生态系统承载力，提出草地承载力监 测评估、畜牧业可持续发展、草地生态保护对策建议。研究发现:全区不适合和不能放牧草地36.95万 km 2 ，占全区草地总面积的44.37%;农区可供牲畜食用的精饲料总量与粗饲料总量分别为23.71万t与 27.50万t，全区补充饲料载畜量为115.18万羊单位;从载畜量区划来看，那曲、当雄等县超载严重，八 宿、察隅等县略为盈余。 |
| 关键词: 西藏自治区 草地载畜量 补饲载畜量 草地承载力监测评估 草地资源区划 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然基金面上项目“生态系统服务认知、农户行为选择与生物多样性保护:路径与反馈———以西藏高原为例” （71573127）;国家社会科学基金重大特别委托项目“西藏项目:‘十二五'期间西藏小城镇建设与发展研究”（ XZ2112）;国家环保公益性 行业科研专项项目“西藏地区生态承载力与可持续发展模式研究”（201209032） |
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| TIBETAN GRASSLAND ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: RESOURCES DIVISION AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM CARRYING CAPACITY |
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Li Xiangmei1,2, Zhao Wei3, Huang Yuanlin4
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1.College of Economics and Management，Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095，China;2.China Center for Food Security Research，Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095，China;3.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science，MEP，Nanjing 210042，China;4.College of Resource and Environmental Science，University of Qinzhou，Qinzhou 535099，China
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| Abstract: |
| Ecosystems and landscapes around the world have become increasingly domesticated through economics development.Grassland resources have been the engines of socioeconomic development but also the centers of major environmental problems since the development of animal husbandry.Numerous studies have shown that our grass- land ecosystems and landscapes are on an unsustainable trajectory.Global sustainability depends critically on grass- land ecology can-and needs to-play a key role in the transition toward sustainability.In this paper，we reviewed different definitions and perspectives of grassland ecology，discuss major advances and key issues，and propose a framework to help move the field forward.After almost 90 years of development，grassland ecology has evolved into a truly transdisciplinary enterprise that integrates ecological，geographical，planning，and social sciences.The most salient thrust of current research activities in the field is the emerging grassland sustainability paradigm which focuses on grassland ecosystem services and their relations to human well-being.we analyzed the geographical differ- ences of grassland carrying capacity，agricultural feeding capacity and amount of livestock，checked influencing factors，calculated the ecosystem carrying capacity，divided the grassland into grazing areas and no-grazing areas based on the rich source of livestock feed and ecosystem services of grassland.We found that Tibetan grassland can be divided into grazing and no-grazing areas.For the grazing area，this paper discussed the countermeasures and suggestions about the monitoring and evaluation of grassland carrying capacity，the sustainable development of ani- mal husbandry，and the protection of grassland ecology.We found that，in Tibet Plateau，the no-grazing area is 369.5 thousand sq km，which is 44.37%of all Tibetan grassland. |
| Key words: carrying capacity of grazing grassland carrying capacity of agricultural product grassland resources division Tibet autonomous region |
