| 摘要: |
| 日本农地制度是依据1952年《农地法》的制定演变而来，《农地法》的颁布实施诞生了战后日本 农业的零细规模、分散分布的私有权保护的“自耕农民”农地制度。为了缓解因农地利用限制方面影响农 业经营规模扩大的障碍， 1970年起日本相继实施了多次相关促进“农地流动化”的租地经营政策与“农地 连片化”制度政策的农地改革，解除了限制农地租借行为的相关内容，一定程度上促进了农业经营规模扩 大。相关农地改革政策取得一定成果的同时，也出现了农地所有者对于农地被转用所带来的巨大利益期 待，大量耕作放弃地的出现而影响农地集中及经营规模扩大，农地被无秩序利用等其它农地问题。文章通 过对日本1952年以来实施的相关农地法律改革内容的整理与剖析，从日本农地问题所在、日本农地制度改 革相关内容、影响农地集中的其它问题、农地利用秩序改革理念等4个方面分析阐述了日本农地问题与农 地制度改革的相关内容，指出了农地所有者对于农地被转用所带来的巨大利益期待、大量耕作放弃地的发 生、不在村农地所有者增加等3个方面存在的问题影响了农地集中及经营规模扩大，从健全土地利用计划 审核机制、解决农业委员会成员的利益相反立场、统一农地管理与运行组织等3个侧面提示了日本农地利 用秩序改革理念与方向。 |
| 关键词: 日本 农地问题 农地制度改革 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目（201442109）的阶段性研究成果 |
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| THE JAPANESE FARMLAND CHALLENGES AND THE SYSTEM REFORM |
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Yang Xiuyu, Liu Pingfang
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Institute of Agriculture Economic and Technique Information， Xinjiang Agriculture Academy， Urumqi 830000， China
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| Abstract: |
| The development of farmland policy of Japan was based on the”Agronomic Land Law” set up in 1952. In order to solve the problems of land use restricting the agriculture management enlarge， Japan had carried out a serial of land policy reform to promote the farmland transfer and aggregation， and hence enlarged the farmland oper- ation scale. However， many challenges came out， such as the integrity of farmland was broken，farmland was aban- doned or utilized randomly. This paper analyzed the contents of the related farmland laws implemented in Japan since 1952， and discussed Japanese farmland system reform in the following four aspects: the problems， the con- tent， the challenges， and the ideas of agronomic land utilization reform. It pointed out that the following 3 reasons influencing the enlarging of farmlandconcentration and management scale: land owners expected the huge benefits of land transition， a large amount of cultivated lands were abandoned， and the number of land owners who did not en- gage in agricultural production had increased. In addition， it indicated the ideas and directions of Japanese land u- tilization reform， i.e.， improving the auditing mechanism of land utilization plan， solving the oppose view points of agriculture committee members based on their benefits， and unifying farmland management and organizational oper- ations. |
| Key words: Japan farmland problem farmland system reform |
