| 摘要: |
| ［目的］气候变化对中国粮食主产区的东北地区产生显著影响，加强气候变化背景下东北作物冷害分析研究对保障粮食生产安全具有重要作用和意义。［方法］利用1981～2010年中国地面气温0.5°×0.5°格点数据集，以各年代东北玉米生长季（5~9月）的月平均气温、月平均气温之和以及近30年（1981～2010年）各年代月平均气温之和距平等主要气象要素分析东北气候变化趋势，根据《北方春玉米冷害评估技术规范》（QX/T 167-2012）行业标准，进一步对1980s~2010s各年代各等级东北玉米冷害发生时空变化进行分析和区划，结合有关东北历史冷害记载进行对照分析。［结果］东北玉米生长季气候趋暖明显，热量增加，近30年东北玉米各等级冷害发生年数、区域及频率都呈显著减少趋势， 20世纪80年代东北几乎每年都有冷害发生， 20世纪90年代为冷害发生转折点，年代后段（1996～2000年）冷害年数较前段（1991～1995年）明显减少，到21世纪10年代冷害年数进一步减少，轻度冷害区主要分布在黑龙江省中北部和东南部地区，其发生频率也小（0.1~0.2次/年），中度及重度冷害只在局部发生，冷害的显著减少为东北玉米连续丰产增收创造了十分有利条件。［结论］气候变暖背景下，东北玉米冷害减少，但个别年份还发生重度以上冷害（如2002、2003、2009年），冷害发生仍具不确定性。 |
| 关键词: 气候变化 东北 玉米 冷害 影响 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20170517 |
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| IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DECADAL CHILLING INJURY OF CORN IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA |
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Yu Hongyong1, Zhao Junfang2, Yu Huikang3
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1.Faculty of Geographical Science of Beijing normal university，Beijing100875, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;3.Meteriological Bureau of Ningde City of Fujian province，Ningde 352100, China
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| Abstract: |
| Climate change has a great impact on grain production in Northeast China, one of the major grain producing areas of China. So the study on the impacts of the chilling injury on crops in Northeast China is of great importance for food safety. Based on the dataset of soil surface temperature with 0.5°x0.5°lattice in China from 1981 to 2010, this paper analyzed the climate change trend in terms of the monthly mean temperature, the sum of monthly mean temperature during the growing season of the corn(May to September), the sum of decade (1980s-2000s) monthly mean temperature anomaly, and other main meteorological factors. According to the industrial standard of "Technical specification for assessment of chilling injury to spring maize in Northern China"（QX/T 167-2012）, it further analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of the chilling injury from 1981~2010, combining with the historical records of cold damage in Northeast China. The results showed that the climate became warmer during the corn growing season. The number of years, regions and frequencies of the chilling injury decreased significantly in past 30 years. In 1980s, chilling injury occurred every year in Northeast China. The 1990s was the turning point of chilling injury when the chilling injury decreased significantly, and the number of years of chilling injury decreased further in 2000s. The areas of mild chilling injury were mainly in the north-central and southeastern area of Heilongjiang province, where showed a low frequency of chilling injury (0.1-0.2 times / year). The reduction of cold damage had favorable conditions for continuous increase of corn yield in Northeast China. It concluded that under the climate warming background, the frequency of cold damage reduced but the occurrence was still uncertain. |
| Key words: climate change northeastern China corn chilling injury impact |
