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| 贺兰山东麓银川地区酿酒葡萄农业气候资源对气候变化的响应 |
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王静1,2,3, 张晓煜1,2,3, 李红英1,2,3, 张磊1,2,3, 马国飞1,2,3, 卫建国1,2,3
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1.宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室，银川 750002;2.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室，宁夏银川 750002;3.宁夏气象科学研究所，银川 750002
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| 摘要: |
| ［目的］ 为合理利用农业气候资源，主动适应气候变化提供依据。［方法］基于宁夏银川地区1961～2015年地面气象观测资料，明确了酿酒葡萄生长季内主要农业气候资源、影响酿酒葡萄品质的主要农业气候因子及主要农业气象灾害的演变特征。［结果］近55年银川日平均气温稳定通过10℃起始时间提前，结束时间显著推迟，日平均气温稳定通过10℃持续时间显著增加，每10年分别增加97.6℃和2.6d，尤其是1995年后积温出现了明显增加。近55年酿酒葡萄适宜的放条出土时间提前，可能的生长季呈显著延长趋势，生长季内热量资源显著增加。近55年酿酒葡萄全生育期内日照时数呈显著减少趋势，生育期内日较差均呈不显著的减少趋势，但在酿酒葡萄适宜生长范围内。最热月（7~8月）平均气温显著增加，每10年增加0.28℃，不利于酿酒葡萄优良品质的形成。酿酒葡萄采收前1个月（9月）降水量及降水日数表现为增加趋势，对品质形成不利。不同级别霜冻及越冬冻害发生频率有所减少。［结论］热量资源增加为晚熟品种的成熟提供了保证，但是霜冻及越冬冻害依然不容忽视。 |
| 关键词: 酿酒葡萄 气候变化 农业气候资源 农业气象灾害 贺兰山东麓 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20170917 |
| 分类号:S663.1 |
| 基金项目:中国气象局气候变化专项“气候变化对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的影响评估”（CCSF201511）；国家自然科学基金项目“酿酒葡萄越冬冻害形成机理研究”（41675114） |
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| RESPONSE OF AGRICULTURAL CLIMATE RESOURCES TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN WINE GRAPE PRODUCTION AREA OF YINCHUAN IN THE EAST OF HELAN MOUNTAIN |
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Wang Jing1,2,3, Zhang Xiaoyu1,2,3, Li Hongying1,2,3, Zhang Lei1,2,3, Ma Guofei1,2,3, Wei Jianguo1,2,3
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1. Ningxia Key Lab for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002, China;2. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, CMA, Yinchuan，Ningxia 750002, China;3. Ningxia Meteorological Science Institute, Yinchuan 750002, China
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the 1961~2015 meteorological data from Yinchuan of Ningxia autonomous region, this paper analyzed the change characteristics of the agricultural climate resources and agricultural climate factors that influenced on the quality of wine grapes and agro-meteorological disaster during the growth period of wine grape．The results revealed that the initial data of the average daily temperature over 10℃ showed a slight forward tendency and the closing time of the average daily temperature over 10℃ showed a significant delay tendency, ≥10℃ thermal time and the duration of the average daily temperature over 10℃ showed a significant increase trend, with the increment 97.6℃ and 2.6d per 10 years. The suitable unearthed time showed a slight forward tendency during the past 55 years in Yinchuan. The growing season and heat resources during growing season of wine grape showed a significant increase trend. Sunshine time showed a high decrease trend during growing season of wine grape, precipitation and diurnal temperature range showed a slight decrease trend during growing season of wine grape. The average temperature in last July to August increased 0.28℃per 10 years, which was harmful for forming excellent quality. The precipitation and precipitation days during September showed an increase trend that was not good for forming excellent quality. The frequency of different levels frost and injury winter freeze injury showed an increase trend. |
| Key words: wine grape agricultural climate resources agro-meteorological disaster change characteristics east of Helan mountain |
