| 摘要: |
| ［目的］在国家重点生态功能区内将生态补偿项目与扶贫战略相结合，是有效实现贫困地区脱贫攻坚与生态文明建设“双赢”目标的重要途径。基于对国家重点生态功能区生态补偿与扶贫的辩证关系分析，归纳目前在我国推进生态补偿扶贫的机遇和挑战，并提出构建国家重点生态功能区生态补偿扶贫长效机制的对策建议，以期为相关政策的制定提供有益借鉴。［方法］运用文献分析法和综合分析法，对国家重点生态功能区内贫困与生态环境、扶贫与生态补偿之间的关系进行辩证分析，并系统归纳在国家重点生态功能区实施生态补偿扶贫所存在的机遇和挑战。［结果］贫困是生态环境退化的主要诱因之一，生态环境恶化又进一步加剧了贫困。生态补偿是扶贫的重要措施，但不能把两者等同起来。生态文明建设和生态补偿与扶贫的不断结合为生态补偿扶贫提供了新的机遇； 法制监管和长效保障机制的缺失、各部门管理职责交叉，缺乏统一管理、市场化参与程度过低，公众补偿意愿不高、补偿标准难以确定，补偿方式过于单一等问题对生态补偿扶贫的顺利实施造成了重大的挑战。［结论］应从不断加快体制机制创新、提供可持续的生计模式、兼顾公平与效率、大力进行生态修复和农村环境建设等方面构建国家重点生态功能区生态补偿扶贫的长效机制。 |
| 关键词: 生态补偿扶贫生计模式补偿标准机制 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TV2134 |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金“主体功能区视角下的流域生态补偿机制研究”（16BJY031）； 山东省“双一流”奖补资金（SYL2017XTTD08）； 山东农业大学社科研究发展基金“山东省农业资源与生态安全研究”（201712-03）; 山东省社会科学规划研究项目“生态补偿视角下水源地生态价值核算研究”（16CJJJ24）；山东省社会科学规划研究项目“新型城镇化背景下地方政府融资困境分析与对策研究”（16CJJJ25） |
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| RESEARCH ON THE MECHANISM OF ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN THE NATIONAL KEY ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION AREAS |
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Zhang Huanan, Jie Yumei, Ge Yanxiang
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College of Economic and Management，Shandong Agricultural University，Taian, Shandong 271018，China
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| Abstract: |
| Combining ecological compensation projects with poverty alleviation strategies in the national key ecological functional areas is an important way to effectively achieve the goal of "win win" between poverty alleviation and ecological civilization construction in poverty stricken areas. Based on the analysis of the dialectical relationship between ecological compensation and poverty alleviation in the national key ecological functional areas, this study summarized the opportunities and challenges of ecological compensation for poverty alleviation in the national key ecological function areas in China, and put forward some suggestions to build a long term mechanism of ecological compensation for poverty alleviation in the national key ecological functional areas, so as to provide beneficial reference for the establishment of related policies. Literature analysis and comprehensive analysis was used to dialectical analyze the relationship between poverty and ecological environment, poverty alleviation and the ecological compensation in the national key ecological function areas, then summarized the opportunity and the challenge of ecological compensation for poverty alleviation in the national key ecological function areas. The results show that poverty is one of the main cause of ecological degradation and ecological environment worsening further exacerbated poverty. Ecological compensation is one of the important measures of poverty alleviation, but can′t equate them. The construction of ecological civilization and ecological poverty alleviation provide a new opportunity for poverty alleviation in the national key ecological function areas. There are many major challenges to smooth implementation of ecological compensation for poverty alleviation. Legal supervision and long term guarantee mechanism has not been established, the management responsibilities of each department are interlaced and lacked of unified management, low marketization level of participation and the public′s intention of compensation, difficult to determine the compensation standard and simple way of compensation produced a lot of challenges for poverty alleviation in the national key ecological function areas. Finally, it mainly starts from the following several aspects to build a long term mechanism for poverty alleviation, including accelerating institutional innovation, providing the sustainable livelihood model, paying attention to fair and efficiency, vigorously carrying out ecological restoration and construction of the rural environment. |
| Key words: ecological compensation poverty alleviation livelihood model compensation standard mechanism |
