| 摘要: |
| ［目的］粮食安全的根本是在耕地，关键在于耕地质量。目前新增耕地主要源于土地开发项目、城乡建设用地增减挂钩土地复垦项目等，这些新增耕地需要对其开展耕地质量等别评定工作，了解新增耕地的质量状况，分析其空间特征，这对落实国家耕地保护制度、开展农村土地整治工作等具有重要作用。［方法］文章以南方典型丘陵区域——江西省宜春市作为研究区域，在新增耕地质量评价的基础上，运用地统计学、景观生态学、Arcgis空间分析技术和典型相关分析方法，研究宜春市新增耕地质量的空间特征，掌握耕地质量等别的分布规律，了解耕地质量的影响因素，为制定合理的耕地资源利用与保护政策提供依据。［结果］（1）Moran′s I值结果表明宜春市2014年新增耕地利用质量在空间分布上的空间自相关性最强，而耕地自然质量空间自相关性最弱。（2）景观破碎度指数结果表明优、高等别的新增耕地质量破碎度大于中、低等别的； 多样性指数结果表明新增耕地质量多样性指数比较大； 优势度指数结果表明新增耕地质量等别优势度指数比较小，与多样性指数结果相呼应； 均匀度指数结果表明，新增耕地质量等别均匀度指数相差不大，新增耕地质量等别比较均匀。（3）质心结果表明2013—2014年间宜春市新增耕地质量的格局整体上是向西南方向变化。［结论］宜春市新增耕地质量不高； 新增耕地的利用水平差异性较小，自然本底状况差异较大； 新增耕地质量等别类型多，各质量等别类型耕地均有增加，耕地质量参差不齐，较高等地的新增耕地相对低等地而言更破碎化； 新增耕地的开发格局向着西南方向移动； 该研究为南方丘陵区的新增耕地保护提供了一定的参考依据。 |
| 关键词: 新增耕地耕地质量空间特征分布规律宜春市 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:F32321 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助“双季稻肥料高效利用与精准施用技术研究”（2017YFD0301603） |
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| THE RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEWLY INCREASED CULTIVATED LAND QUALITY IN HILLY REGIONS OF SOUTH CHINA*——A CASE STUDY OF YICHUN CITY IN JIANGXI PROVINCE |
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Yu Huimin1, Yang Xiaoping2, Guo Xi1
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1.Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Jiangxi Province/Academy of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China;2.Jiangxi land development and Consolidation Center，Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, China
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| Abstract: |
| The root of food security lies in cultivated land, and the key lies in the quality of cultivated land. At present, the newly cultivated land mainly comes from land development projects, land reclamation projects linked with the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, etc. These newly cultivated land need to carry out the evaluation of the quality, to know the quality status of them and analyze the spatial characteristics, which has important effect on implement the national cultivated land protection system and carry out rural land consolidation work. Based on the quality evaluation of newly cultivated land, this paper took Yichun city, a typical hilly area in the south of Jiangxi province as the research area, used geostatistics, landscape ecology, Arcgis spatial analysis technology and typical correlation analysis method to study the spatial characteristics of newly cultivated land, to grasp the distribution regularities of cultivated land quality and to know the affecting factors of the quality, which could provide basis for formulating reasonable policies for utilization and protection of cultivated land resources. The major results were showed as follows. (1) The results of Moran′s I value showed that the spatial autocorrelation of the newly cultivated land utilization quality in Yichun city in 2014 was the strongest, while the natural quality was the weakest. (2) Landscape fragmentation index results showed that the fragmentation of new cultivated land quality in excellent and high grade was greater than that in middle and low grade; diversity index results showed that the diversity index of newly cultivated land quality was larger; dominance index results showed that the dominance index of newly cultivated land quality was smaller, which corresponded to the results of diversity index. The results of evenness index showed that there was little difference in the evenness index of new cultivated land quality, and the quality of new cultivated land was fairly uniform. (3) The results of centroid analysis showed that the pattern of new cultivated land quality in Yichun city was changing to the southwest as a whole from 2013 to 2014. The quality of new cultivated land in Yichun city was not high; the utilization level of new cultivated land was small, and the natural background was different; there were many types of new cultivated land, and the quality of each type of cultivated land was increased, the quality of cultivated land was uneven, and the newly cultivated land in higher places was more fragmented than that in lower places. The land development pattern is moving towards the southwest, which provides a reference for the protection of newly cultivated land in southern hilly areas. |
| Key words: newly increased cultivated land quality of the cultivated land spatial characteristic distribution rule Yichun city |
