| 摘要: |
| ［目的］梳理秸秆综合利用和禁烧管理方面的法律、行政法规和规章，提出秸秆综合利用和禁烧管理的立法建议，为完善相关法规，从法律上保障秸秆综合利用水平的持续提高和秸秆禁烧管理工作的顺利开展提供相关建议。［方法］在系统梳理相关资料、文献的基础上，就国家现行法律和行政规章对秸秆综合利用的明文规定、对秸秆利用相关产业发展的规定进行综述，并就相关法律、规章对农作物秸秆禁烧的明文规定、秸秆禁烧治安管理和秸秆故意焚烧犯罪量刑的法律依据等进行归纳分析。最后，通过分析中国现行法规和行政指导文件在秸秆综合利用与秸秆禁烧管理方面存在的欠缺，提出必要的修订建议。［结果］随着时间的推移，我国法律对秸秆综合利用的规定日渐具体和完善。但直到目前，这些法律对秸秆综合利用的规定仍然缺失。有必要加快立法进程，完善相关法律、法规。［结论］建议对涉及秸秆利用方面的某些法规进行必要的修订； 制定《耕地质量保护条例》，并将秸秆还田作为耕地质量保护的必要技术手段； 对秸秆禁烧区外的秸秆限制焚烧从国家层面作出明确规定； 借鉴国外经验，制定《生物质能条例》。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆综合利用秸秆禁烧管理法律法规立法建议 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“农作物秸秆综合利用生态价值量估算方法研究” （41771569）“北方地区秸秆沼气集中供气工程冬季增温保温能源边际报酬分析”（41301626）； 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（1610132018043）“东北地区玉米秸秆还田技术体系研究” |
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| A SUMMARIZATION OF THE NATIONAL REGULATION ON CROP STRAW UTILIZATION AND BURNING PROHIBITION AND THE CORRESPONGDING LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS |
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Bi Yuyun1, Gao Chunyu1, Wang Hongyan2, Wang Yajing1※
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1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| This research aims at perfecting the national laws and regulations about crop straw utilization and burning prohibition, ensuring continuous improvement of straw utilization as well as carrying out burning prohibition smoothly with combing the current national laws, administrative rules and regulations in this field. Consequently, some legislative proposals are put forward. At present, systematical research focuses on the national regulations on crop straw utilization or burning prohibition are few in China. Combing the relevant materials and literature, this research overviewed the laws and regulations on straw utilization industry development, straw burning prohibition and security management as well as the offense sentencing of deliberate straw burning, and then puts forward the pertinent suggestions on the revision of the relative laws and regulations. China′s legal system on straw utilization is on the advancing course of concretion and perfection. However, the regulations on the comprehensive utilization of straw stay imperfect till now. In this case, it is a necessity to speed up the legislative process and improve relevant laws and regulations. This research suggests that the specific laws and regulations should be amended as necessary. The regulations should be formulated, such as Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland which should be added regulations about straw returned to the field to be fertilized. And specific national regulations against straw burning outside the burning prohibition areas should be proved for the fact that there have been no explicit provisions on the management of straw burning in areas outside the no burning zone in China′s current laws and administrative guidance documents. Besides, drawing on foreign experience, formulate the Biomass Energy Regulations. |
| Key words: comprehensive utilization of crop straw management of crop straw burning prohibition national laws and regulations legislation proposals |
