| 摘要: |
| ［目的］探寻“实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接”的路径，破解农业现代化过程中适度规模经营与地权固化、土地“碎片化”之间的困境。［方法］基于问卷调查与半结构式访谈，运用个案研究方法分析山东省东平县H村土地改革实践、效果、经验并提炼理论启示。［结果］（1）由于就业能力等差异，导致农户群体产生分化，进而形成了“中青年务工经商，老年人留村务农”的“以代际分工为基础的半工半耕”社会功能结构和“男主外，女主内”的“以家庭内部劳动分工为基础的农户兼业化”社会成员地位结构； （2）对于部分就业能力较弱等农户而言，为了降低城镇生活成本，会将农业生产的产品输入到城镇，形成了“农村供养城镇”的城乡关系模式； （3）乡村社会结构变迁、新型农业经营主体发展以及经济作物种植为土地流转提供了潜在可能，但社会结构变迁与农业生产机械化水平交互作用对土地流转有抑制性。［结论］以“确权确股不确地”为特征的“虚拟土地”制度有助于维护农户土地流转意愿、推进农业适度规模化、增进农户土地收益、强大农村集体经济，是促进城乡生产要素流动的重要土地流转制度创新。 |
| 关键词: 农户分化社会结构农业经营方式土地流转虚拟土地制度 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:F3012 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金“乡村振兴战略下农民工返乡创业融资约束与信贷可得性研究：基于农地抵押品功能视角”（71803006）； 教育部人文社科基金“乡村振兴战略下农民工返乡创业融资偏好、信贷可得性及支持政策研究”（18YJC790076）； 北京市社会科学基金“京津冀协同发展中城乡劳动力转移与市民化问题”（19YJA004）； 北京市教委社会科学基金“产业升级背景下首都流动人口职业技能衍生路径与培育机制研究”（SM201810005004） |
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| AN EXPLORATION OF LAND CIRCULATION UNDER THE INTERACTIVE SITUATION OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT MODE REVOLUTION |
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Li Guozheng, Wang Jiahui, Hao Longhua, Yan Zouxian
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School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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| Abstract: |
| This research aims to explore the path of "realizing the organic connection between small scale farmers and modern agricultural development", and to solve the dilemma between moderate scale operation, land right consolidation and land fragmentation in the process of agricultural modernization. Based on questionnaire surveys and semi structured interviews, a case study method was used to analyze the land reform practices, effects, and experiences of H village in Dongping county, Shandong province, and to extract theoretical inspiration. The results were showed as follows. (1) Because of the difference of employment ability, the group of peasant households was divided, and then the social function structure of "working and farming based on the intergenerational division of labor" of "young and middle aged people working and doing business, the old people staying in the village and working for agriculture" and the social member status structure of "working and farming based on the division of labor within the family" of "outside the male owner and inside the female owner" were formed. (2) For some farmers, such as those with weaker employability, in order to reduce the cost of living in cities or towns, agricultural products would be imported into cities or towns, forming an urban rural relationship model of "rural support towns".(3) Rural social structure changes, the development of new agricultural operators and the cultivation of cash crops provided potential possibilities for land transfer, but the interaction between social structure changed and the level of agricultural production mechanization inhibited land transfer. In summary, the "virtual land" system, which is characterized by "confirming the right, confirming the share and confirming the inaccurate land", helps to maintain the farmers′ willingness of land transfer, enhance the farmers′ land income and strengthen the rural collective economy, meanwhile, it is an important institutional innovation to promote the flow of urban and rural production factors. |
| Key words: peasant household differentiation social structure agricultural operation mode land circulation virtual land system |
