| 摘要: |
| ［目的］分析苹果种植户经济效益的影响因素，研究适合苹果种植的农地规模，提高白水县果农苹果种植的经济效益，探索苹果产业可持续发展经营模式，丰富以果蔬为主的集约型经济作物适度规模经营研究范围。［方法］采用实地调研法，对陕西省白水县230户苹果种植户进行问卷调查，从收益最大化角度，运用柯布道格拉斯生产函数对苹果生产的投入产出进行经济分析，构建收益最大化模型，测算白水县苹果种植的最适规模，分析苹果产量的影响因素，探讨劳动力投入、资本投入、有效面积和果农参加技术培训对苹果产出的影响和贡献程度，并用钱克明等对农地的适度经营规模定义进行结果验证，最后提出合理的政策建议。［结果］经过分析，在同等技术条件下，劳动力投入、资本投入、有效种植面积、果农参加技术培训的次数对苹果的产出具有显著影响。以农户收益最大化模型测算的劳均经营规模面积在0363~0447hm2（544~670亩）的可视为适度规模，根据钱克明等的适度经营规模目标值的计算，其函数解为550，在适度规模范围之内。即户均农地适度经营规模0751~0966hm2（1127~1449亩）。目前白水县苹果生产处于规模报酬递减阶段，农资市场环境和劳动力投入方面仍然存在短板。［结论］建议扩大白水县户均苹果种植面积，提升土地经营效益，从而增加果农收入，支持农业新型经营主体发展，创新发展模式； 建立新型职业农民培育体系，促进苹果种植户剩余劳动力转移，提高农民非农收入； 从法律上规范农村地区农资市场环境； 规范农户绿色生产经营行为，提高化肥的使用效率和开发新的高效肥料； 政府引导农地的适度规模集中，整合资源进行规模化、现代化的经营。 |
| 关键词: 苹果种植白水县CD函数适度规模经营政策建议 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:F32613 |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS ASTIP 2016 IARRP 001575） |
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| STUDY ON THE MODERATE SCALE MANAGEMENT OF APPLE PLANTING*——A CASE STUDY OF BAISHUI COUNTY OF SHAANXI PROVINCE |
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Ma Yubo, Li Quanxin
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| This research is intended to analyze the influencing factors of apple farmers′ economic benefits, explore the scale of agricultural land suitable for apple cultivation, improve the economic benefits of apple planting in Baishui county, achieve the most economical behavior of apple farmers, so as to achieve sustainable development of apple industry, and enrich the scope of research on moderate scale management of the main intensive cash crops of fruit and vegetables. This paper used field research method to conduct on the spot questionnaire survey on 230 apple growers in Baishui county, Shaanxi province. Based on the maximization of income, the Cobb Douglas production function was used to measure and analyze the input and output of apple production, and the income maximization model was constructed to calculate the optimal scale of apple planting in Baishui county. And the influencing factors of apple yield were analyzed, labor input, capital investment, effective area and farmers′ participation in technology were discussed, the impact of labor input, capital investment, effective area and fruit farmers′ participation in technical training on apple output were explored, then Qian Keming was used to verify the definition of the appropriate scale of farmland, and finally put forward reasonable policy recommendations. After analysis, under the same technical conditions, labor input, capital investment, effective planting area, and the number of fruit farmers participating in technical training had a significant impact on apple output. According to the model of the income maximization, the average labor management scale area between 0.363-0.447 hm2 (5.44-6.70 mu) could be regarded as moderate scale. According to Qian Keming′s target value of moderate management scale, the function solution was 5.50, which was within the scope of moderate scale. That was to say, the appropriate management scale of agricultural land per household was 0.751-0.966 hm2 (11.27-14.49 mu). However, at present, the production of apples in Baishui county was in the stage of diminishing returns to scale, and there were still short boards in the environment of agricultural materials market and labor input. Standardizing the market environment of agricultural materials and increasing the cultivation of new type professional farmers was an effective way to promote the sustainable development of the apple industry. It is suggested to expand the per capita apple planting area in Baishui county, improve the land management efficiency, so as to increase the income of farmers, support the development of new agricultural business entities, and innovate the development mode. Meanwhile, establish a new type of professional farmers cultivation system, play to the role of new professional farmers; promote the transfer of surplus labor of growers, increase the non agricultural income of farmers. In addition, regulate the market environment of agricultural materials in rural areas by law, standardize the green production and management behavior of apple farmers, improve the use efficiency of fertilizers and develop new high efficiency fertilizers; guide the moderate scale of agricultural land concentration, and integrate resources for large scale and modernized operations. |
| Key words: apple growers Baishui county CD function moderate scale management policy suggestion |
