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引用本文:张勇娟,曹娟,贠旭江,李新一,王加亭,闫瑞瑞,辛晓平,张云玲.基于3S技术的新疆巩留县草原产草量及载畜平衡评估研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2020,41(10):156~164
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基于3S技术的新疆巩留县草原产草量及载畜平衡评估研究
张勇娟1,2曹娟1,3贠旭江4李新一4王加亭4闫瑞瑞1※辛晓平1张云玲5
1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081; 2.乌鲁木齐市林业和草原局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000; 3.国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院,北京100714; 4.全国畜牧总站,北京100125; 5.新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000
摘要:
[目的]文章以新疆伊犁巩留县草原为调研对象,明确该区自启动草原生态保护补助奖励政策以来草畜平衡实施效果,准确掌握该区载畜平衡状况,为更好地合理利用草原提供依据。[方法]利用2010年、2015年、2016年、2017年和2018年新疆巩留县Landsat 系列影像(TM、OLI)遥感数据、草产量实测数据计算归一化植被指数(NDVI),构建回归反演模型,并结合实际载畜量对各年份的草畜平衡状态进行评估。[结果](1)指数函数y=12155e3553x(R2=0827 4)能较好地模拟植被指数(NDVI)和草产量两者之间的关系,通过模型反演2015年平均产草量为1 48600kg/hm2,比2010年提高3612%; 2018年产草量为1 26904kg/hm2,比2015年低1460%,比2010年提高1624%,自草畜平衡政策实施后,平均产草量增加,但是由于年降雨量的变化存在差异。(2)巩留县从2010年超载大于15%降低到2015年、2016年和2017年超载小于10%,实施草畜平衡政策后均达到草畜平衡。[结论]通过草畜平衡政策的实施,巩留县总体达到草畜平衡,收到了良好的效果,草原生态环境继续恶化的势头得到一定程度的遏制,建议继续加强草畜平衡管理,以草定畜建立长效机制,才能达到草原生态环境良性发展。
关键词:  遥感归一化植被指数产草量载畜量草畜平衡
DOI:
分类号:S812
基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项“新疆放牧草场主要植物种群变化与生态补偿研究”(Y2018LM06); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“牧草产业体系”(CARS 34)
ASSESSMENT STUDY ON GRASSLAND YIELD AND CARRYING CAPACITY IN GONGLIU,XINJIANG BASED ON RS,CIS AND GPS
Zhang Yongjuan1,2Cao Juan1,3Yun Xujiang4Li Xinyi4Wang Jiating4Yan Ruirui1※Xin Xiaoping1Zhang Yunling5
1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. The Institute of Forestry and Grassland in Urumqi City, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China;3. Academy of Forest and Grassland Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714, China;4. National Animal Husbandry Service , Beijing 100125, China;5. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Grassland Station, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
Abstract:
Taking the grassland in Gongliu, Xinjiang as a survey, this study aims to clarify the implementation of grassland livestock balance since the grassland ecological protection subsidies was launched, accurately grasp the grassland livestock balance in this area, so as to provide a basis for further better and rational utilization of grassland. The regression inversion model was constructed based on the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), which was calculated by using Landsat series images(TM、OLI)remote sensing image data and grassland yield measured data of Gongliu in 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017and 2018. Then, combining with livestock quantity, the grassland livestock balance status in each year was evaluated. The results were showed as follows. (1)The exponential function y = 121.55e3.55x (R2= 0.8274) could better simulate the relationship between vegetation index (NDVI) and grass yield. The average grass yield was 1 486.00 kg/hm2 in 2015,which was 36.12% higher than that in 2010. The grassland yield in 2018 was 1 269.04 kg/hm2, which was 14.6% lower than that in 2015, but 16.24% higher than that in 2010. The average grassland yield had increased since the implementation of the policy of grass livestock balance, but there were differences due to the change of annual rainfall. (2) The balance of grass and livestock of Gongliu in 4 different years was listed respectively as follows: overloading more than 15% in 2010, yet less than 10%in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The grass livestock balance had been achieved after the implementation of the policy of grass and livestock balance. With the implementation of the policy of grass livestock balance, the balance of grass livestock has basically achieved with positive results: the deteriorating grassland ecology has been controlled fairly. Thereby, it is suggested that the balanced management of grassland and livestock shall be strengthened constantly to establish long term grass oriented mechanism for the sustainable development of grassland ecology.
Key words:  remote sensing  normalized differential vegetation index  grassland yield  grassland carrying capacity  grassland livestock balance
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