信息技术在畜禽养殖中的应用进展

Research review of information technologies for livestock

关键词:  畜禽养殖  环境监测  精准饲喂  疫病防控  行为监测  智能繁育

Key words:  livestock farming  environmental monitoring  precision feeding  epidemicprevention  behavior monitoring  intelligent breeding

摘要:

【目的】现代集约化、规模化养殖业发展的本质在于以较少的资源投入，按照动物生 长发育的需要，在可控环境条件下实现自动化、智能化和数字化的生产和管理，不断发展 的信息化技术极大的促进了当前畜禽养殖业发展。【方法】文章主要从畜禽环境监测控制 技术、畜禽体征信息获取与行为监测技术、畜禽疫病防控决策与预警技术、畜禽智能繁育 与精准饲养管理技术4 个应用层面，总结信息技术在畜禽养殖中的研究现状与应用进展。 【结果】在环境监测控制方面，分析了环境监测系统的内容，列举了国内比较成熟的环境参 数监控和控制系统；在体征信息监测方面，分别从机器视觉技术、声音处理技术、生物传感 技术等角度，总结了对健康信息、生命体征信息、情绪信息、行为信息等的体征监测；在疫 病防控决策方面，介绍了使用红外热图像处理、声音监测、专家诊断系统等进行动物疫病的 监测、诊断、预测；在畜禽繁育与精准饲养方面，总结了畜禽繁育典型的信息化技术类型， 分析畜禽精准饲喂模式。【结论】我国畜禽养殖逐步向标准化、规模化与智能化转变，信息 化技术能有效提高畜禽生产效率、管理水平、经营决策能力和服务质量，是支撑现代畜牧业 可持续发展的关键。因此，加强畜牧业“互联网+”信息化技术研究与应用至关重要。

Abstract:

［Purpose］The purpose of modern intensive and large-scale livestock farming is to implement automatic，intelligent，and digital production and management under controlled environmental conditions according to the needs of animal growth. The information technology has the potential to fulfill the development of livestock industry.［ Methods］This review will give a summary of the information technologies used for livestock from four applications： environmental monitoring and intelligent control，livestock body information acquisition and behavior monitoring，epidemic prevention and real-time warning，intelligent breeding and precision feeding management. And the research status and application progress of information technology on livestock was given in this paper.［ Results］In the aspect of environmental monitoring and intelligent control，the contents of the environmental monitoring system were analyzed，and a relatively environmental monitoring and control system was listed. In terms of the monitoring of physical parameters，machine vision technology，sound processing technology， and bio-sensing technology were respectively considered. The health information，vital signs， emotional information and behavior information were summarized and analyzed. In terms of epidemic prevention and real-time warning，the use of infrared thermal image processing，sound monitoring，and expert diagnostic systems were introduced in order to monitor，diagnose and forecast of livestock diseases；Lastly，with terms of intelligent breeding and precision feeding management，the typical information technologies of livestock were summed up，and the precise feeding mode of livestock were analyzed.［ Conclusions］China′s livestock and poultry breeding has gradually changed to standardization，scale and intelligence. While the information technology can effectively improve livestock production efficiency，management level，business decisionmaking ability and service quality. Which is the key to the sustainable development of modern livestock industry. Therefore，it is important to strengthen the research and application of animal husbandry based on“ Internet+” information technology.