农化服务信息化的现状及问题探讨

Informationization of agricultural service:current situation and problems

关键词:  农化服务  信息化平台  组织关系  商业模式  发展策略

Key words:  agricultural service  information platform  organization relationship  business model  development strategy

摘要:

目的 随着农业信息化的发展，信息化技术正在改变传统农化服务的方式和模式。探究各农化服务信息化平台发展现状和发展趋势，是提高农化服务质量和实现科学施肥的重要途径。方法 在总结美国、日本农化服务信息化发展历程和现状的前提下，选择当前我国不同服务主体建设的农化服务平台分析农化服务面临的困难和问题，并着重分析了企业农化服务平台的农化服务信息化内容、模式和用户体验。结果 我国农化服务信息化发展仍处于起步阶段，仅仅依靠政府平台进行公共服务困难较大，而市场化机制中企业平台仍偏重于产品，技术服务仅作为附加属性；产前、产中、产后全链条的服务体系尚未建立；服务主体之间协作不足，未形成合力；商业机制处于摸索阶段，无成熟模式。结论 目前农化服务信息化进入了瓶颈期，市场机制发展缓慢使得农化服务类新型创业和投资主体信心不够，政府应发挥组织协调作用，做好大数据建设、基础性服务系统建设、农户培训等工作，同时引导服务主体加强协作、深化各专项职能；企业在开展线上农资产品销售时应重视线下的配套服务，既要加强服务人员的专业技能、创新用户体验激励办法，也要发展大数据为基础的人工智能工具开发，提高服务质量。

Abstract:

Purpose With the development of agricultural informatization，information technology is changing the way and mode of traditional agrochemical services. Exploring the status quo and development trend of the development of information systems for agrochemical services is an important way to improve the quality of agrochemical services and realize scientific fertilization.Methods We first summarized the development history and current situation of agrochemical service in the United States and Japan，we then selected the agrochemical service platform constructed by different service entities in China to analyze the difficulties and problems faced by agrochemical services，and analyzed the agrochemicalization of enterprises. The agrochemical service information content，mode and user experience of the service platform.Results It is found that the development of agrochemical service informatization in China is still in its infancy. It is difficult to rely on the government platform for public service. The market platform is still focused on products，and technical services are only used as additional attributes. Prenatal and production service system of the whole chain after the middle and postpartum has not been established；the cooperation between the service entities is insufficient，and there is no synergy；the commercial mechanism is at the stage of exploration，and there is no mature mode yet.Conclusion The informationization of agrochemical services has entered a bottleneck period. The slow development of market mechanism does not satisfy the new type of agrochemical services. The government should play an organizational and coordinating role，do a good job in big data construction and basic service system construction. and farmers’ training，etc. At the same time it should guide the service subjects to strengthen cooperation and deepen the special functions. On the other hand，enterprises should pay attention to the offline supporting services when carrying out online agricultural product sales，and not only strengthen the professional skills of service personnel，but also innovate user experience incentives. It is also necessary to develop big data-based artificial intelligence tools to improve service quality.