农作物种植面积“一张图”遥感监测业务设计及应用

Design and application of “One Map” crop area remote sensing monitoring operation

关键词:  农作物  种植面积  一张图  遥感监测  方案设计

Key words:  crop  planting area  one map  remote sensing monitoring  conceptual design

摘要:

目的 农作物种植面积遥感监测是世界农业大国农情遥感监测业务的主要内容，监测结果也是政府宏观监测与生产管理的重要依据。所以农作物种植面积“一张图”遥感监测业务的设计及应用为农业生产定量化管理提供进一步服务。方法 文章在农作物种植面积“一张图”概念定义的基础上，提出了基于低、中高空间分辨率2种数据源的“一张图”遥感监测技术方案，并采用EOS/MODIS、GF-1/WFV数据实现了全球、中国大陆区域冬小麦空间分布“一张图”的监测方案应用。结果 农作物种植面积“一张图”概念的提出，是从监测范围与监测内容上对农作物种植面积遥感监测业务的规范，对遥感监测技术从基础研究向实际应用具有推动作用。结论 现有遥感数据、分类识别技术能够保证“一张图”遥感监测业务方案的实施与实现。限制遥感数据向“一张图”成果转化的技术瓶颈，是遥感监测自动识别技术的精度与能力。在今后较长一个时期内，从全球及国家尺度出发，开展作物光谱分布规律研究，进而提出普适性较高的算法，是提高全球、国家尺度农作物种植面积“一张图”遥感监测业务效率的主要途径。

Abstract:

Purpose Crop area remote sensing monitoring is one of the major contents of agricultural remote sensing monitoring operation for major agricultural countries，and the monitoring results are also a major basis for government macro monitoring and production management.Thus，design and application the “one map”，which provides the crop area remote sensing monitoring operation，can provide further services for quantitative management of agricultural production.Method Based on the concept of“one map” of crop planting area，the paper proposes a “one map” remote sensing monitoring technical scheme of two data sources，i.e.EOS/MODIS （low resolution） ，and GF-1/WFV （medium-high resolution），and has completed the application of “one map” monitoring for spatial distribution of winter wheat in mainland China area and the globe.Result The study result shows that，the proposal of crop area “one map” concept is to regulate crop area remote sensing monitoring operation in the aspects of both monitoring scope and monitoring contents，which promoted the conversion of remote sensing monitoring technology from fundamental research to practical application.Conclusion Existing remote sensing data and classification and identification technologies can ensure the implementation and realization of the “one map” remote sensing monitoring operation.The technical bottleneck that limits the conversion from remote sensing data to “one map” is the accuracy and capacity of remote sensing monitoring automatic identification technology.In the long-term future and from a global and national perspective，conducting the study on crop spectral distribution pattern，and thus improving algorithm with high universality is a major approach to improve the efficiency of crop area “one map” remote sensing monitoring operation in global and national level.