智慧农业装备依赖进口情况、潜在风险及对策建议

The status，potential risks and countermeasure proposals of import-dependent on intelligent agricultural equipment

关键词:  智慧农业  农业智能装备  进口  风险  对策建议

Key words:  smart agriculture  intelligent agricultural equipment  import  risk  countermeasure proposals

摘要:

【目的】农业智能装备是智慧农业发展的重要支撑，对智慧农业装备研究现状进行调 研，分析我国智慧农业装备进口依赖情况以及潜在风险，对我国智慧农业现状突破、健康 发展具有重要意义。【方法】文章通过市场调研、文献资料调研等方法，探讨了近年来国内 外农业智能装备的研究现状，并分析了我国智慧农业重要装备产品的进口依赖情况，从市 场、技术等不同角度分析了潜在风险，并从政策、教育、体系建设等方面提出了应对策略。 【结果】我国智慧农业装备总体上与国际先进水平还有一定差距，农业传感器、大马力农业 装备、多光谱成像系统、畜牧智能化装备等重要农业装备产品与技术对国外产品与技术的依 赖程度较大，中高档传感器几乎完全依赖进口，大马力农机核心技术主要依赖进口，农林勘 测使用较多的光谱相机多从美国、瑞士等国进口，大型畜牧企业的智能装备大多采用整机进 口或核心部件进口。我国智慧农业装备进口依赖程度对我国农业企业长期发展、我国农业科 技水平提升都具有不利影响。【结论】抓住当前我国科技与经济发展势头，从政策扶持、产 学研结合、教育培养、基础建设等角度展开智慧农业核心技术与产品、企业与人才的培养和 储备，是应对风险、促进我国智慧农业装备快速突破和发展的重要对策。

Abstract:

［ Purpose］Intelligent agricultural equipment is an important support for the development of smart agriculture. The investigation of the status and potential risks on the importdependent intelligent agricultural equipment has great significance for the healthy development of smart agriculture in China. ［Method］Based on market research and literature research，this paper probes into the research progress of agricultural intelligent equipment，and analyses the importance of import-dependent intelligent agricultural equipment products in China. It also analyses the potential risks from different angles of market and technology，and puts forward some countermeasure proposals to the potential risks from the aspects of policy，education and system construction. ［Result］In general Chinese intelligent agricultural equipment still lags behind the international advanced level. Agricultural sensors，high-powered agricultural equipment， multi-spectral imaging systems，animal husbandry intelligent equipment and other important agricultural equipment products and technologies rely on imported products and technologies heavily. Almost all high-end sensors rely on imports，and the core technology of high-powered agricultural equipment mainly depends on imports. Multispectral cameras for agricultural and forestry survey are mostly imported from the United States，Switzerland and other countries. The whole machine or core components of intelligent equipment in large animal husbandry enterprises are imported mainly too. The dependence on import of intelligent agricultural equipment will have negative impacts on the long-term development of agricultural enterprises and the improvement of agricultural science and technology in China. ［Conclusion］Under the momentum of the current development of science，technology and economy in China，focusing on the development of core technologies and products of smart agriculture，and promoting the cultivation and reserve of enterprises and talents are important countermeasure proposals to deal with risks and promote the rapid breakthrough and development of smart agricultural equipment in China.