财政支农资金投改股的实践经验与启示——以贵州省湄潭县为例

Practical experiences and implications of investing and reorganizing agricultural financial funds into shares：A case study of Meitan County，Guizhou Province

关键词:  财政支农资金投改股  有为政府  有效市场

Key words:  fiscal agricultural investment unit  active government  efficient Markets

摘要:

【目的】 财政支农资金投改股作为我国财政资金使用方式的一种创新探索，对提高财政资金的使用效率、助推乡村振兴和实现农民共同富裕具有重要意义。【方法】 文章在梳理财政资金投改股政策的基础上，从有为政府和有效市场两维度构建理论分析框架，并以贵州省湄潭县为例，借助理论分析论框架分析其在财政支农资金投改股中的具体做法，总结其在现阶段所取得的成效。【结果】 湄潭县以明确股权范围和股权设置、设置分红比例等机制展开探索，根据项目参与主体和地理环境等因素因势利导的采取了“公司+农户（贫困户）+基地”“农户+村股份经济合作社+公司”“项目+企业+社区+农户”和“村集体+公司”等运行模式，有效实现了有为政府和有效市场的双向协同，发挥了财政支农资金“四两拨千斤”的作用。【结论】 湄潭县财政资金投改股实现了财政支农资金良性运作、提高了支农资金效益、有效增加了农民的收益，但仍存在现实问题，未来需建立完善的财政资金退出机制、加强政府部门的项目审核评估、健全财政资金使用的监管措施。

Abstract:

【Purpose】 The innovative exploration of financial fund usage in China，particularly the investment and reform of agricultural financial funds，holds great significance.It not only enhances the efficiency of financial fund utilization but also promotes rural revitalization and the common prosperity of farmers.【Method】 Building upon the review of investment and reform policies of financial funds，this article proposed a theoretical analysis framework from 2 perspectives：active government and effective market.Taking Meitan County in Guizhou Province as an example，using the theoretical framework above，this article analysed the county’s specific practices in agricultural financial fund investment and reform，and summarized the results achieved at this stage.【Result】 Meitan County had explored mechanisms that include clarifying the scope of equity，setting equity and dividend ratios. It had adopted operational modes such as‘company + farmer（poor household）+ base’，‘farmer + village share economic cooperative + company’，‘project + enterprise + community + farmer’，and‘village collective + company’.These modes were chosen based on factors like project participants and geographical environment.This approach had effectively facilitated two-way coordination between an active government and an effective market，leveraging the‘four or two allocations’ role of financial funds in supporting agriculture.【Conclusion】 The Financial Funds Investment and Reform Unit of Meitan County has achieved a sound operation of agricultural financial funds，improved the efficiency of agricultural financial funds and enhanced the benefits of farmers.However，there are some practical shortcomings.It is necessary to establish a sound mechanism for withdrawing financial funds，strengthen project review and evaluation by government departments，and improve regulatory measures for the use of financial funds.