设施农业环境监测技术与装备研究进展

Research progress of environmental monitoring technology and equipment for facility agriculture

关键词:  设施农业  环境监测  进展  展望

Key words:  facility agriculture  environmental monitoring  progress  outlook

摘要:

【目的】 设施环境监测有利于为设施作物或动物提供适宜环境，保证其全天候稳健生长，是设施产业现代化提升工程中的重要内容之一。【方法】 文章概括了设施环境监测的对象，并对目前国内外设施农业环境监测技术与设备进行系统梳理和总结。【结果】 （1）设施环境监测的对象主要包括温度、湿度、光照、二氧化碳等。（2）设施环境监测技术主要包括基于物联网的设施环境固定点位监测方法和基于机器人或移动载体的设施环境移动监测方法；传统农业物联网监测方法由于成本、通信、维护等问题，难以满足设施农业现代化的需求；基于机器人或移动平台的智能监测方法由于技术难度大、开发成本高，仍处于基础研发状态；基于悬挂轨道的自动监测设备解决了传统物联网监测方式和机器人监测技术的不足，但大规模推广应用难以实现。（3）我国设施环境监测存在低成本智能监测设备缺失、设施环境数据赋值能力不足、监测数据缺乏统一标准、专用传感器性能不足等问题。【结论】 设施农业环境监测技术是实现设施农业高产、优质、高效目标的重要技术支撑，低成本、高性能、易推广的设施环境智能监测设备研发应用前景广阔。

Abstract:

Purpose Facility environmental monitoring is conducive to providing a suitable environment for facility crops or animals，ensuring their steady growth in all kinds of weather，which is one of the important contents of the modernization and upgrading project of facility industry.Method In this work，the main objects of facility environmental monitoring were introduced，the current domestic and foreign facility agricultural environment monitoring technologies and methods were systematically analyzed and summarized.Result （1）The objects of facility environmental monitoring mainly include ambient temperature，humidity，carbon dioxide and light. （2）The facility environment monitoring technology was summarized and classified into the fixed point monitoring method based on Internet of Things，as well as the mobile monitoring method based on robot or mobile carrier. The traditional agricultural Internet of Things monitoring method was difficult to meet the needs of facility agriculture modernization，due to cost，communication and maintenance problems. At the same time，the intelligent monitoring technology based on robots or mobile platforms was still in the basic research and development state，because of the technical difficulty and high development cost. The automatic inspection equipment based on the suspended track solved the shortcomings of the traditional Internet of Things monitoring method and robot monitoring technology，but it still had problems for large-scale promotion and application. （3）The existing problems and challenges of facility environment monitoring technology in China were as follows：the absence of low-cost intelligent monitoring equipment，the insufficient capacity of facility environment data assignment，the lack of uniform standards for monitoring data，the insufficient performance of special sensors.Conclusion Agricultural environmental monitoring technology is an important technical support to achieve the goal of high yield，high quality and high efficiency in facility agriculture. The facility environmental intelligent monitoring equipments with low-cost，high-performance and easy-promoting have important development significance and broad application potential.