智慧农业驱动下广东省香蕉产业升级与县域经济增长机制研究

The mechanism of Guangdong′s banana industry upgrading and county-level economic growth driven by smart agriculture

关键词:  香蕉产业  智慧农业  数字技术  全产业链  县域经济

Key words:  banana industry  smart agriculture  digital technology  whole industry chain  county-level economy

摘要:

【目的】 针对广东香蕉产业面临种源依赖、智能装备不足、精深加工滞后等关键科技瓶颈，以及产业转型与县域经济发展需求，探索以科技驱动的全产业链升级路径，为打造县域富民增长引擎提供理论与实践支撑。【方法】 文章立足全省视角，系统梳理香蕉产业科技创新进展与短板。结合调研与案例分析，聚焦智慧农业与数字技术融合，突破种业创新、智能装备适配、精深加工升级及全链数字化赋能等关键环节。【结果】 （1）广东省香蕉产业规模与效益全国领先，2023年种植面积、总产量、产值分别占全国31%、36%和60.5%，1990—2024年单产增长约2.03倍，智慧农业示范成效显著；（2）种业创新取得进展但存在结构性短板，主栽品种仍以引进为主，数字化育种滞后；（3）产业规模呈阶段性波动，小农户经营占比超80%，精深加工转化率不足3%，全链条数字化存在“信息孤岛”；（4）实施种业强芯、智慧增效、精深加工破局和数字营销赋能四大工程，构建智慧农业服务平台、推动智能装备研发与高标准蕉园示范，是破解产业瓶颈、推动全产业链升级的关键路径。【结论】 科技赋能香蕉全产业链，不仅推动其向高科技现代农业集群转型，也为县域经济高质量发展和“百千万工程”提供可复制的科技化路径，实现产业增效、农民增收与区域可持续发展。

Abstract:

[Purpose] In response to key technological bottlenecks faced by Guangdong's banana industry，such as germplasm dependence，inadequate intelligent equipment，and lagging deep processing，as well as the needs of industrial transformation and county-level economic development，this study aims to explore a technology-driven upgrading pathway for the whole industry chain，providing both theoretical and practical support for building a county-level engine for prosperity.[Method] From a provincial perspective，this study systematically reviewed the progress and shortcomings in technological innovation in the banana industry. Combining field research and case analysis，it focused on the integration of smart agriculture and digital technology，aiming to break through key areas including seed industry innovation，adaptation of intelligent equipment，upgrading of deep processing，and digital empowerment across the entire chain.[Result] （1）Guangdong Province led the country in the scale and efficiency of its banana industry. In 2023，its planting area，total yield and output value accounted for 31%，36% and 60.5% of the national total，respectively. The yield per unit area increased by approximately 2.03 times from 1990 to 2024，and remarkable achievements were made in smart agriculture demonstration. （2）Seed industry innovation progressed but still faced structural shortcomings，with dominant varieties still relying on introduction and insufficient application of digital breeding. （3）The industrial scale experienced periodic fluctuations；smallholder farming accounted for more than 80%，the intensive processing conversion rate was less than 3%，and "information islands" existed in the whole-chain digitalization. （4）The implementation of four major projects，namely seed industry core-strengthening，smart efficiency-improving，intensive processing breakthrough，and digital marketing empowerment，together with the construction of smart agriculture service platforms，the R&D of intelligent equipment and demonstration of high-standard banana gardens，constituted a critical pathway to break industrial bottlenecks and upgrade the whole industrial chain.[Conclusion] Empowering the entire banana industry chain with technology can not only promote its transformation into a high-tech modern agricultural cluster but also provide a replicable technology-driven pathway for high-quality county-level economic development and the implementation of the "Hundreds of Counties，Thousands of Towns，Ten Thousand Villages Project"，thereby achieving industrial efficiency improvement，increased farmer income，and regional sustainable development.