我国“农民断层”问题的现状及其原因

STUDY ON THE SITUATION AND CAUSES OF ”PEASANTS DRAIN” IN THE COUNTRY OF CHINA

关键词:  农民断层 粮食安全 现状 原因

Key words:  peasants drain  food security  situation  causes

摘要:

针对目前大量农民外出务工引起”农民断层”的农业生产实际问题，指出我国农村特别是粮食主 产区从事农业生产的劳动力资源呈现结构性短缺，大量农民由第一产业流入二、三产业，由中西部流向东 部，由欠发达地区流向发达地区。从农村劳动力组成上看，粮食主产区种粮农民以中老年和妇女为主。” 农民断层”问题直接影响了我国农业生产和粮食安全。造成这种现象的根本原因是目前种粮比较效益低、 种植规模小，从事种粮的劳动生产不体面、没尊严，造成农民种粮积极性下降;同时，”农民断层”的外 部诱因是城镇化和产业的快速发展导致农民择业的多样化。

Abstract:

At present， it is a widespread phenomenon that a large number of farmer migrant workers caused practi- cal problems of farmers fault in agricultural production of china's major grain producing areas. A great quantity of rural labor force transfer from the first industry to two or three industries， from the west to east and from underdevel- oped areas to the developed areas， it results in the middle-aged leave in the major grain producing areas directly affected the agricultural production. The fundamental reason for this phenomenon is that the efficiency of planting grain is relatively low， planting scale is small. External causes are that the rapid development of industry leads to diversified farmers employment. The psychological causes are that the enthusiasm of farms' planting grain is de- cline. Combining with the implementation of central policy， this study proposes policy recommendations to solve this problem.