中国作物秸秆资源量估算与利用状况研究进展

ADVANCE IN ESTIMATION AND UTILIZATION OF CROP RESIDUES RESOURCES IN CHINA

关键词:  秸秆 资源量估算 草谷比 利用 中国

Key words:  crop residue  estimation of crop residue resources  the ratio of straw and grain  utilization of crop residue resources  China

摘要:

该文用文献研究法、综合分析法研究中国主要农作物草谷比取值、中国作物秸秆资源量估算、中 国作物秸秆主要利用方式、秸秆利用存在的问题以及秸秆综合利用的对策。研究结论认为:（1）广义的秸 秆资源包括田间秸秆和农产品加工副产品。田间秸秆量的估算采用作物经济产量与收获指数或草谷比来计 算转换，农产品加工副产品量的估算多采用比重法。（2）目前对主要作物草谷比的取值以及秸秆资源量估 算结果尚存在较大差异。研究表明不同作物草谷比取值差异较大，同类作物受自然条件、品种差异、科技 水平等因素的影响也存在差异。因生长环境、播种面积、估算精度等因素不同，中国秸秆资源量估算结果 有年际差异和年内差异。（3）作物秸秆的利用方式主要有:秸秆还田、秸秆作饲料、秸秆作能源、秸秆作 工业原料和秸秆栽培食用菌，但目前作物秸秆利用效果尚难令人满意。秸秆资源利用仍存在利用率低、转 化率低、经济效益低和环境污染严重等问题。该文对中国作物秸秆资源量估算与利用状况进行综合研究， 提出今后的研究方向，应进一步规范秸秆资源量的估算范畴，准确测量和确定各地作物草谷比，探索秸秆 资源利用与主体产业的结合方式，拓展相关产业。

Abstract:

Based on the methods of literature research and comprehensive analysis， this paper analyzed the ratio of straw and grain and the amount of crop residue resources of staple crops in China， pointed out the ways of utiliza- tion， problems， and countermeasures of crop residue resources. The results showed that（1）Crop residue re- sources included field residues and processing residues. Field crop residues could be estimated by the conversion of economic yield and harvest index or the ratio of straw and grain. Processing residues could be calculated by specific gravity method.（2）The results of the ratio of straw and grain of main crops and estimations of crop residues re- sources were different according to different studies. The same crops still had difference in ratio of straw and grain because of natural conditions，varieties and technology，etc， and yearly and inter-year differences of crop resi- dues resources were mainly due to growing environment，acreage and estimating precision.（3）The main ways of utilization included crop residue returned to field，and using as feed，energy，industrial material and cultivating edible fungi.But the effects of utilization of crop residues were low such as low utilization ratio，low conversion rate，poor economic benefit，severe environment pollution and other problems. Finally it proposed some sugges- tions， such as standardizing the estimation of residues resources， accurately measuring and determining the ratio of straw and grain， exploring the way of combining of residues resources utilization with main industry， and expanding corresponding industries.