安徽省小麦生产成本收益分析

ANALYSIS OF THE COST AND BENEFIT OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN AHHUI PROVINCE

关键词:  小麦 成本构成 收益分析 安徽省

Key words:  wheat  production cost  the cost and benefit analysis  Anhui province

摘要:

小麦是安徽省主要粮食作物，其生产成本收益情况不仅决定其在全国市场上的比较优势，还直接 影响从事小麦生产的农民收入状况。为了促进安徽省小麦生产可持续发展，该文根据2005～2011年安徽省 小麦生产成本收益的统计数据，采用成本比较收益分析法对安徽省小麦生产成本与收益进行了分析。结果 表明:从2005～2011年，小麦生产成本从281.1元/666.7m 2 增加到504.7元/666.7m 2 ，总体上呈增加趋 势;除2011年外，净利润和现金收益总体呈增加趋势，但成本利润率有减少趋势。小麦生产需要的化肥 费、机械作业费、种子费及农药费大幅度上涨和人工成本的迅速增加是导致安徽省小麦生产成本高、利润 低的主要原因，小麦市场收购价格的上涨是小麦生产收益增加的主要因素。综上所述，提出了降低安徽省 小麦生产成本和提高其经济效益的建议和对策，即改善投入结构，规模化种植，依靠科技，加大支持和投 入力度。

Abstract:

Wheat is one of the main food crops in Anhui province. The cost-benefit of wheat production influ- ences not only the superiority in internal market， but also the revenue of famers related with wheat production. In order to promote the sustainable development of Anhui wheat， this study analyzed the cost and benefit of the Anhui wheat production using the method of comparative analysis based on the data of the cost and benefit of Anhui wheat production from 2005 to 2011.The results showed that the cost of wheat production increased from 281.1 yuan/ 666.7m 2 to 504.7 yuan/666.7m 2 ，and the net profit and cash earnings increased， but the cost profit percentage decreased in Anhui province from 2005 to 2011，except 2011.The cost of wheat production was higher， and the profit was lower， because the cost of fertilizer， mechanical operation，wheat seeds， pesticides and labor costs were higher. Finally， this paper put forward some suggestions on how to decrease the cost of wheat production and in- crease the economic benefit， namely， improving input composition， promoting the scaled planning， depending on sci-tech progress， and giving more support and investment.