甘肃省主要油料作物比较优势分析

ANALYSIS OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF OIL CROPS IN GANSU PROVINCE

关键词:  甘肃省 油料作物 油菜 胡麻 向日葵 比较优势

Key words:  Gansu province  oil crop  rape  flax  sunflower  comparative advantage

摘要:

通过运用农产品综合比较优势指数法,对甘肃省主要油料作物油菜、胡麻、向日葵比较优势进行了分析，结果表明：甘南州、庆阳市、临夏州油菜3种比较优势指数均大于1，具有极强的比较优势；兰州市、平凉市、定西市胡麻规模优势指数和综合优势指数比较高，但其效率比较优势指数偏低，说明与全省相比单位面积产量不高，主要依靠规模来维持优势，今后还需通过种植新品种、改进栽培技术等来提高其单产；武威市、金昌市、天水市、庆阳市向日葵规模优势指数比较高，白银市、张掖市向日葵具有较强的效率比较优势，但其规模比较优势指数和综合比较优势指数较小，应通过扩大种植面积提高综合优势。一般地，综合优势较大的地区具有对作物生长的有利气候、土壤等自然资源和农业基础设施条件，农作物生产力水平相对较高，具有较大的作物生产发展潜力。在综合优势度较大的地区可适度扩大规模生产，而对处于劣势地位的区域则相对减少播种面积，使甘肃油料作物生产区域布局更加优化和合理。同时提出了提高甘肃省油料作物比较优势的措施：加快新品种新技术推广；提高生产机械化水平；继续加强各种补贴项目的落实；积极推进“订单”生产,实现产销一体化。

Abstract:

Based on index method of comprehensive comparative advantage of agricultural product, the paper analyzed the comparative advantages of main oil crops, ie., rape, flax and sunflower, in Gansu province. The results showed that the three advantage indexes, ie., scale advantage index, efficiency advantage index and aggregated advantage index, of rape in Gannan prefecture, Qingyang city and Linxia prefecture were all larger than 1 and had extremely strong comparative advantages. The scale advantage index and aggregated advantage index of flax in Lanzhou city, Pingliang city and Dingxi city were higher, but their efficiency advantage indices were lower, which showed that the per unit yield was low, and the aggregated advantage index mainly depended on scale index. In the future, per unit yield needed to be increased by planting new varieties and improving cultivation techniques. The scale advantage index of sunflower in Wuwei city, Jinchang city, Tianshui city and Qingyang city were higher. The sunflower of Baiyin city and Zhangye city had strong efficiency advantage index, but their scale advantage index and aggregated advantage index were lower. The aggregated advantage could be improved by expanding planting area. In general，the areas with higher aggregated advantage had the conditions of favorable climate and soil resources and agricultural infrastructure for crop growth, where the crops had higher productivity level and great production development potential. The production scale can expand to the areas of higher comparative advantage that can optimize the production layout of oil crops in Gansu province. Finally, the paper put forward the measures to enhance the comparative advantages of oil crops in Gansu Province, including accelerating the promotion of new varieties and new techniques; improving production mechanization level; continuing to strengthen the various subsidies to project implementation; actively promoting the "order" production and implementing the integration of production and marketing.