基于GIS和RS的繁峙县土壤侵蚀研究

STUDY ON SOIL EROSION OF FANSHI BASED ON GIS AND RS

关键词:  地理信息系统 遥感 坡度 植被覆盖度 土壤侵蚀

Key words:  geographic information systems  remote sensing  slope  vegetation coverage  soil erosion

摘要:

土壤侵蚀作为全球性的环境问题，严重威胁着人类的生存与发展。本研究在GIS支持下，应用TM遥感影像提取土地利用和土壤侵蚀的相关信息，快速获得了山西省忻州市繁峙县地面坡度、植被盖度、特殊侵蚀类型等土壤侵蚀因子空间信息，采用叠加分析法研究了繁峙县不同土地利用状况的土壤侵蚀规律。基于国家水利部制定的土壤侵蚀强度分级标准，快速完成了繁峙县土壤侵蚀强度的判定与分析。结果表明：繁峙县坡度大部分集中在5~15°之间, 5°~15°坡度带土壤侵蚀面积最大，侵蚀面积约为2 25537km2，约占整个繁峙县总面积的7744%，但是这类土壤侵蚀程度较低，水土流失较少。25°以上侵蚀面积占总侵蚀面积的1312%。中度以上侵蚀面积主要分布在25°-35°坡度带，而土壤侵蚀较为严重的主要发生在坡度在35°以上，植被指数03以下的地方，这类土壤侵蚀的面积大约为600km2。通过对繁峙县的土壤侵蚀程度分析可知，沿滹沱河流域的部分区域土壤侵蚀比较严重，需要相关项目重点治理。

Abstract:

Soil erosion, as the worldwide serious environment problem, is threatening the human sustainable development. Within the support of GIS technology, the TM image was used to extract the information of the soil erosion and land usage. Some factors impacting soil erosion in Fanshi county, Shanxi province were gained, such as slope, the degree of vegetation cover, special erosion type and so on. At the same time, overlay analysis was used to analyze the soil erosion rule on different earth usage type. Based on the erosion intensity regulation from National Ministry of Water Resources, the soil erosion intensity analysis was further obtained for Fanshi County. The results showed that the slope in Fanshi county was mainly between 5°and 15°, and the area of soil erosion was about 2 25537 km2, accounting for 7744% in the total area of Fanshi county. However, for this type of soil, the degree of soil erosion was very low and the amount of soil and water loss was very small. The area of soil erosion above 25°slope accounted for 1312% of total erosion area in Fanshi. Moderate soil erosion mainly distributed in the slope of 25°~35°, and the severe erosion area located in the slope above 35°and vegetable index below 03 was 600km2. By the analysis of soil erosion in Fanshi, it found that the area of severe soil erosion was along Hutuo river where should be focused on governing.