河南省温县吨粮田高标准基本农田选址研究

RESEARCH IN HIGH-STANDARD PRIME FARMLAND LOCATION SELECTION OF TONNAGE FARMLAND IN WEN COUNTY, HENAN

关键词:  农用地分等 土地质量 地球化学评估 吨粮田 高标准基本农田

Key words:  agricultural land classification  land quality  geochemical assessment  tonnage farmland  high-standard prime farmland

摘要:

研究旨在提出符合集中连片、设施配套、高产稳产、生态良好等要求的吨粮田高标准基本农田选址思路，完善高标准基本农田建设理论体系，对高标准基本农田建设具有重要意义。文章以河南温县为例，运用GIS空间分析法，基于农用地分等和土地质量地球化学评估两项不同角度的评价成果进行吨粮田耕地质量优势分析。从自然禀赋、基础条件、区域条件3个角度进行吨粮田高标准基本农田选址影响因素分析，并以此建立选址指标体系和进行综合质量评价后按照由优到劣，可实现增产潜力空间由大到小的原则，提出吨粮田高标准基本农田选址思路。结果表明：温县选定5713.3hm2连片的优质耕地建成旱涝保收、生态良好的高标准基本农田建设示范区，保守估计可增加7.16万t可实现产能，为区域粮食安全提供了重要保障。

Abstract:

With the rapid development of industrialization, various kinds of natural resources have been developing. As one of the most important basic resources, cultivated land is polluted more and more seriously by heavy metal, leading to the decline of soil fertility and farmland productivity. So it is urgent to construct high-standard prime farmland of tonnage farmland at present. Aimed at the construction requirements for fully supported facilities, stable high yield and friendly environment, taking Wen county in Henan province as the study area, the paper tried to promote the transformation of China's administrative model into "Equal emphasis on quantity and quality, cohere with ecological environment" type successfully, and to improve the scientificity and rationality of land quality evaluation. Firstly it analyzed the advantage of cultivated land quality of tonnage farmland based on the agricultural land classification and land quality geochemical assessment. And the land quality geochemical evaluation was carried out on the basis of multi-purpose geochemical survey and the ecological geochemistry theory, for the purpose of supplying the basic geochemical data for the adjustment of regional economy and sustainable industrial and agricultural development. Based on the natural and social-economic character of cultivated land, the agricultural land was classified. Then the land quality geochemical assessment and agricultural land classification were comparatively analyzed from various aspects. The two methods of land quality evaluation had different theories, indexes and technical systems. Finally, the integration method, theory and necessity were summed up. An indicator system of high-standard prime farmland location selection of tonnage farmland was set up based on driving force analysis of natural endowment, basic conditions, and regional conditions. The results showed that if 5713 ha lands for high-standard prime farmlands were constructed, the productivity would increase 71.6 thousand tons in planning period of Wen County. This research can provide scientific basis for construction and layout of high-standard prime farmland.