我国玉米产业生产技术效率与其影响因素研究——基于2001～2011年的省级面板数据

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CHINA'S MAIZE INDUSTRY——BASED ON THE PROVINCIAL PANEL DATA： 2001-2011

关键词:  玉米产业 随机前沿生产函数 技术效率 技术进步

Key words:  maize industry  technical efficiency  stochastic frontier production function  technical progress

摘要:

土地、环境等资源制约与农村劳动力日益短缺等问题都使得我国粮食安全更为棘手。突破目前土地生产率提高缓慢，劳动生产率水平普遍较低的局面，是保障我国粮食产业稳定健康发展的根本出路和必要前提。土地生产率的提高主要依靠生物化学型的要素投入，而劳动生产率的提高则需要农业机械化率水平的提高，所以两种类型的技术投入是影响粮食增产增收的根本来源。文章采取随机前沿生产函数超越对数面板模型，对2001～2011年的全国省级玉米生产的技术效率和非技术效率影响因素进行了测算和分析，并进一步通过面板数据的回归模型分析了技术效率与生物化学型及机械型技术投入之关系。结果表明：我国玉米生产总体技术效率水平较高，其中东南部地区要优于中西部地区； 自然灾害、政策补贴及地域差异都会对非技术效率造成显著影响； 生物化学型要素投入对生产的技术效率贡献突出，是当前以及未来玉米增产的主要手段。

Abstract:

The issues such as the restrict of land，environment and other resources, and the increasing shortage of rural labor have threatened food security in China. To protect the stable and healthy development of China's grain industry，it is fundamental and prerequisite to break through the current situation that land productivity increased slowly and labor productivity was in poor level. Improving land productivity mainly relied on biochemical factor inputs，while raising labor productivity was by enhancing the level of agricultural mechanization rate. So the two types of technical inputs were the fundamental source that affected the increase of food production. Based on the model of stochastic frontier production function and trans-log production function，this paper measured and analyzed technical efficiency and efficiency loss factors of China's maize industry based on the provincial panel data in the year of 2001-2011. Furthermore，it analyzed the effects from biochemistry factors input and mechanical factors input to calculate the technical efficiency through the panel data regression model. The results showed that，the overall level of technical efficiency of China's maize production was higher in the Southeast than that in the Midwest. Natural disasters，subsidy policies and geographical differences all had significant impact on efficiency loss. The biochemistry input had an outstanding contribution of technology efficiency，which would be primary means of maize yield in present and future.