农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款的实践与思考——以黑龙江省克山县为例

PRACTICE AND THINKING ON THE CONTRACTED LAND-USE RIGHTS MORTGAGE IN RURAL AREAS——TAKING KESHAN COUNTY IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  农村土地承包经营权 抵押贷款 土地确权 土地流转 黑龙江克山县

Key words:  the contracted rural land rights  mortgage loan  confirmation of the land ownership  circulation of land  Keshan County in Heilongjiang Province

摘要:

农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款是解决农民融资贷款缺乏有效抵押物、破解农民贷款难题的有效手段。2014年中央一号文件首次提出“在落实农村土地集体所有权的基础上，稳定农户承包权、放活土地经营权，允许承包土地经营权向金融机构贷款”。国务院下发了《关于金融服务“三农”发展的若干意见》，进一步细化和明确了鼓励发展农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款的一揽子政策措施。黑龙江省克山县作为国家级农村改革试验区从2010年起探索和实践了农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款，形成了一整套土地承包经营权抵押贷款的发展机制、管理模式和配套政策，打破了农贷资金“五户联保”等旧有的资金贷款模式，实现了银行、农民、新型经营主体的互利双赢。农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款问题是目前的热门课题，作者以黑龙江省克山县为例，剖析了农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款的一些做法、模式、问题，并针对问题提出了完善建议。论文对各地正在开展的农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款工作的示范推广具有一定的借鉴意义。

Abstract:

The contracted land-use rights mortgage in rural areas is an effective way to address the problem of lacking valid collateral in rural areas and the difficulty of rural residents to loan. The No.1 Document issued by the CPC Central Committee in 2014 demanded that "On the basis of implement of the collective ownership of rural lands, it should ensure the contract rights of rural households unchanged, relax land management rights, and permit the contracted land-use rights to loan". Moreover, the "suggestions on development of financial services for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas" issued by the State Council further clarified the policies and measures for encouraging the development of the contracted land-use rights mortgage in rural areas. As a national pilot district for rural reforms, Keshan County in Heilongjiang Province had implemented the contracted land-use rights mortgage in rural areas since 2010. Keshan County had developed a sound set of development mechanisms, management modes and supporting policies for the mortgage loan based on exploration and practice. It had broken the old models of rural loans realizing mutual benefit between banks, farms and new operators. Aiming at the contracted land-use rights mortgage in rural areas, this paper analyzed the methods, models, and problems concerning the contracted land-use rights mortgage in Keshan County, and proposed some advice. The paper could provide a reference for the demonstration and extension of the contracted land-use rights mortgage in rural areas.