河北省海岸带资源及开发利用研究

DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE RESOURCES IN THE COAST ZONES OF HEBEI PROVINCE

关键词:  海岸带 岸线 潮间带 潮上带 利用与保护

Key words:  coast zone  coast line  intertidal zone  supratidal zone  utilization and protection

摘要:

海岸带是国家宝贵的国土资源，处在陆海的结合部，是陆地、海洋和大气之间各种过程相互作用最活跃的界面，具有很高的自然能量和生物生产力。文章调查研究的范围是河北省秦皇岛、唐山和沧州3市沿海大潮高潮位与低潮位之间的潮间带地区及沿海岸线垂直方向向陆地延伸10km的潮上带陆域范围。调查内容主要包括潮间带、潮上带土地资源面积、大陆海岸线长度、岛屿个数、岛屿海岸线长度、各类型潮间带面积、潮间带、潮上带资源未利用面积及开发利用方向和已利用的面积及类型等，同时调查区域内主要经济生产情况。通过该调查摸清了全省海岸带资源分布状况、数量质量情况、变化趋势、开发利用程度及存在问题。研究显示河北省海岸带具有资源优势突出、区位优势明显、工业基础良好、农业基础坚实等特点，但也存在着不合理开发利用造成的生态环境恶化、海水功能退化、利用率偏低、资源供需矛盾、科技含量不高、海洋灾害频发等问题，根据这些情况提出合理规划、加快产业转型升级、引进人才提升科技含量、加强管理等一系列开发利用及保护对策。

Abstract:

Coast zone is one kind of precious resources of a country，which contains rich natural energy and high biological productivity.It lies in the fringe zone between land and sea，and is the most active interaction interface between land，sea and atmosphere.This paper focused on the intertidal zone between high tide level and lower tide level，and on the supratidal zone where refers to the 10km-long land range from the coast line in Qinhuangdao，Tangshan and Cangzhou.The survey content involves the floor space of the intertidal zone and the supratidal zone，the length of the continental coast lines，the number of islands，the length of the island coast lines，the area of all kinds of intertidal zones，the utilized area，kinds，and the unused area and utilization priority of the land resources in the intertidal and supratidal zones, as well as the economic production conditions. On the basis of this accurate provincial information about the resource distribution，the quantity and quality，the changing trends，the development and utilization conditions，and the emergent questions，this paper found that the coast zone was rich in natural resources，superior geographical position，good industrial foundation，solid agriculture foundation，and also had problems such as ecological environment deterioration，water function degradation，lower utilization rate，contradiction between supply and demand of resources，marine disaster，lower science and technology content and so on. Finally，it gave some suggestions to development and utilize the resources in the coast zones including reasonable planning，speeding up the transformation and upgrading of industry，introducing talents promotion of science and technology content，strengthening comprehensive marine management.