三明市设施农业发展布局研究

DEVELOPMENT and LAYOUT OF FACILITY AGRICULTURE IN SANMING CITY

关键词:  设施农业 发展布局 三明市

Key words:  facility agriculture  development layout  Sanming

摘要:

设施农业是现代农业的重要组成部分，对推动传统农业向现代农业迈进具有重要的意义，是农业科技成果转化和推动农业产业化进程的重要措施之一。近年来，三明市的设施农业发展迅速，已具备一定的规模，呈现出以下特点：一是各种类型的面积差异显著，以设施蔬菜、食用菌、花卉、水果、中草药五大类为主； 二是设施规模区域差异显著，空间分布不平衡； 三是设施农业整体装备水平较低，以简易设施和一般设施为主； 四是存在投入成本高、融资困难的问题。文章在分析三明市自然地理条件以及设施农业发展现状的基础上，运用增长极理论和点-轴理论合理规划设施农业布局，沿福银高速、泉南高速、长深高速构建3条一级发展轴，沿S205、S204、S306省道构建3条二级发展轴，并以农民创业园区、科技示范园区为支撑培育设施农业“增长极”，依托基础好、规模大的农业区构建7个设施农业发展区，辐射带动基础较弱、规模较小的4个设施农业发展片，构建“六轴、七区、四片”的设施农业格局，形成覆盖全市的“田”字形设施农业网络。

Abstract:

Facility agriculture is an important part of modern agriculture, which has important significance to promote traditional agriculture to modern agriculture，and also is one of the important measure to promote agricultural science and technology achievements transformation and agriculture industrialization.In recent years，facility agriculture had developed rapidly in Sanming City，and had some characteristics. Firstly，there were mainly five facility categories，including the vegetables, edible fungus，flowers，fruit and Chinese herbal medicine，which had significant differentareas. Edible fungus had the largest area that reached 518hm2，and Chinese herbal medicine had the smallest area that was only 30hm2.Secondly，the facilities scale had big gaps among different regions so that the spatial distribution was uneven.For example，the largest region reached 548hm2，but the smallest region only 73hm2.According to the"Point-Line-Surface"of the spatial development of timing characteristics，the facility agriculture development level was still at beginning stage of point-axis in Sanming City.Thirdly，the overall equipment level was relatively low because the main facilities types were simple and general.Fourthly，facility agriculture was a high input and output industry.This paper analyzed Sanming City's natural-geographical conditions and pointed out the characteristics and existing problems of facility agriculture.On the basis of the analysis，an integrated model of the facility agricultural spatial planning was put forward according to the growth-pole theory and pole-axis theory.The facility agriculture development foundation，resource advantage and function orientation of various regions were also considerated in the planning.Three primary facility agriculture development-axes along Fuyin，Quannan，Changshen freeways and three secondary facility agriculture development-axes along S205，S204，S306 Provincial Roads were constructed，which formed a network as like the Chinese characters"Tian".Cultivation of growth-poles was needed by relying on Development Park and Modern Agricultural Demonstration Park to drive the development of other secondary county agricultural regions.There were seven facility agriculture development-zones and four facility agriculture development-films embedded in the development-axes.Development-zones were constituted by good-foundation and large-scale regions，including city central leisure tourism zone，such as Yongan，Shaxian，Youxi，Jiangle，Ninghua，and so on.Development-films were constituted by weak-foundation and small-scale regions，such as Taining，Mingxi，Dalian，Jianning. On the whole，the overall layout of facility agriculture of Sanming city was"six axes，seven zones，and four films".