北京少数民族村的低收入因素及对策

LOW INCOME PROBLEMS ANALYSIS AND COUNTERMEASURE OF MINORITY VILLAGES IN BEIJING

关键词:  少数民族村 低收入 问题 原因 对策 北京市

Key words:  minority villages  low-income  problems  reasons

摘要:

文章以北京市民委认定的116个少数民族村为研究对象，通过实地走访12个区县、54个乡镇，对其中人均劳动所得低于万元的低收入民族村的自然条件、经济发展水平、思想观念、产业结构等进行分析，明确了北京少数民族村低收入问题的本质原因及发展对策。结果表明，北京山区交通干线通达性很强，山区的环境优势和生态功能凸现，生态搬迁、新农村建设等政策实施力度较大，因而，偏远的自然环境不是限制低收入民族村发展的关键因子。人力资本不足、自我发展能力弱，使得社会分工发展缓慢，是北京少数民族村收入低下的原因。如何快捷、有效地解决北京市18个民族村的低收入问题，必须依靠政府、民族村、村民等多方力量，加大定向扶助；同时，把农民组织起来，促进集体土地适度规模经营，提高人力资本效用； 充分利用好偏远山区丰厚的生态资产，发展市民参与的农业休闲产业，增强农民自身的自我发展能力，提高北京少数民族村发展实力。

Abstract:

A low income problem analysis of minority villages in Beijing is presented in this paper Based on survey of 116 minority villages coming from 54 towns， 12 counties in Beijing，and analysis of their natural condition，economic development level，ideology，industrial structure.Results showed that there are still have 18 low income minority villages whose incomes are lower than 10000 ￥，half of these locate in a faraway places，and produce traditional crops and animals which lack of high benefits as characteristic planting and cultivation industries. These villagers also have not much education and have to go out to Beijing or other big cities to offer serves for increasing their incomes.In addition，farmer houses have small difference between minority farmers with other farmers，cultural heritage of the main minority such as Manchu and Hui nationality has not really much more.All these are the factors that make minority villages poor.But the essential reason is not the“environmental determinism”.First，there are best highway and road infrastructures in remote mountain areas of Beijing.It is easy to arrive there.the second,most important is that their excellent ecological environment is becoming more and more favorite to develop recreational agriculture.The third，preferential agricultural policies such as ecological relocation policy and new countryside construction policy of Beijing Municipal Commission of Rural Affairs，help them so much capital and S&T to this shallow and mountain areas.So remote and bad ecological environment may not make the villages poor essentially.Sometimes，beautiful and harmonious environment can help these villages develop agritourism to increase their incomes.In contrast，insufficient of labour force and leadership of the villagers is the fundamental reason，the more lack of organization and leadership of villagers，the less self-development ability they have.Generally，it is the harsest eco-environment that makes the minority inhabit districts of south-west China and north-west China poor.But Beijing's minority district is different.Solving their low income problems，need to depend on multiple stakeholders such as government，minority villages and farmers.In a short time，aiding farmers to change their living conditions and environment，and in the long run，farmers need to be organized and urged to take the land scale management，which can increase the efficacy of labor capital.Most important of all，make full use of the abundant ecological assets，develop agritourism that be participated by the residents of Beijing.If the self-develop ability increased，their poverty will be changed greatly.