浙江省家庭农场经营的适度规模研究——以果蔬类家庭农场为例

THE RESEARCH ABOUT THE MODERATE SCALE OF FAMILY FARMING IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE ——TAKE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES CLASS FOR EXAMPLE

关键词:  家庭农场 数据包络分析 规模效益

Key words:  the family farm  data envelopment analysis  economies of scale

摘要:

文章以浙江省家庭农场的实地调研数据为基础，综合比较分析浙江省家庭农场的劳动力、土地、资本及技术服务等生产要素与4种不同的家庭农场经营模式后，运用DEA（数据包络）评价分析方法，选取土地规模、受教育程度、租金、种苗的购买、雇工工资、有机肥的支出、农药与化肥的支出作为投入指标，产出方面选取农产品的销售额作为产出指标，对从事蔬菜、水果种植的62户家庭农场经营的规模效益进行了实证分析，并力图探求果蔬类家庭农场的适度规模。研究结果发现：浙江省果蔬类家庭农场小规模的最优经营面积为1.33~2hm2，中等规模的为4.67~6.67hm2或8~10hm2，大规模经营的为26.67~33.33hm2。此外，浙江省果蔬类家庭农场DEA有效的数目所占的比重较小，纯技术效率状态好于规模效率状态，生产规模普遍不合理，存在资源过度使用的问题，造成生产要素利用不合理与浪费现象。最后提出了加强农业生产技术的普及与推广，优化生产要素组合的政策建议。

Abstract:

In this paper，based on the field survey data of the family farm in Zhejiang province，comparatively analysis the labor，land，capital，technology services and other production factors of the family farm，four different kinds of family farm management pattern in Zhejiang province.Based on the field survey data of the vegetable and fruit class family farm in Zhejiang province，the article will use the DEA（data envelopment analysis method），choose the land scale，the level of education，the rent of land，the cost of purchasing the seedlings，the employee wages，the organic fertilizer，pesticide and fertilizer expenses as input indicators，output selected as output indicators on the basis of agricultural products sales and carry on the empirical analysis of scale for the 62 households engaged in vegetables and fruits planting farm.The conclusions are as follows：the optimal type of small family farms of fruit and vegetable management area is 20-30 acres，the medium size is 70-100 acres or 120-150 acres，large scale operation of 400-500 acres.At the same time，the number of DEA effective units about fruit and vegetable class family farm in Zhejiang province of the percentage is the rather small.The pure technical efficiency is better than the scale efficiency，and unreasonable production scale is widespread.In addition，there exist the problem of excessive use of resources，unreasonable utilization factors of production and waste.The last，the paper put forward to some advices and measures which contain that strengthening and promoting the technology about agricultural production.In addition to，the paper also clearly show that optimizing the production factors combination.