超量灌溉对农田耕作区水土肥流失的影响

EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE IRRIGATION ON THE SOIL AND FERTILIZER IN FARMLAND CULTIVATION AREA

关键词:  平原农田耕作区 水土流失 不同降雨强度 追加施肥 入渗性能

Key words:  plain tillage zone  soil and water erosion  different rainfall intensity  additional fertilization  infiltration performance

摘要:

目前, 对山区、丘陵区的水土流失情况及治理措施, 已有相对成熟的研究, 但对于平原农田耕作区的水、土、肥的流失与治理, 则少见有研究资料与科研成果发布。而平原农田耕作区在暴雨或高强度灌水情况下, 极易造成土壤水、土、肥的流失。文章针对上述情况, 选取具有代表性的沧州枣粮间作地中壤质土作为试验材料, 模拟不同降雨强度与施肥量下, 土壤经水流冲刷后, 观察水、土、肥的流失规律。通过模拟天然降雨过程, 对土壤中水、土、肥流失的影响, 探索出平原农田耕作区治理水土流失的一般规律,并提出保护地表免受雨滴打击、加大表层土壤贮水量等提高土壤入渗性能的治理措施。

Abstract:

The erosion and governance of soil and water in mountain and hilly areas have a lot of data and successful technologies currently, but the research results are lack in plain farmland cultivation area. Thewater, soil and fertilizer lost easily inplain farmland area due to the heavy rain or high intensity irrigation. This paper established an experimental model according to the representative loamy soilfrom the jujube grain intercroppingsystem in Cangzhou, and simulatedthe water, soil and fertilizer loss in the different rainfall intensity after fertilization. By studying effects of the natural rainfall, especially the heavy rain or high intensity of irrigation on soil erosion and soil water, soil, fertilizer losses, itanalyzed the general rules of soil erosion from agricultural land in farming areas and put forward some measures to increase soil infiltration performance, i.e., protecting the earth's surface from the rain and increasingsurface soil water storage.